TABLE 1.

Major characteristics of the reported neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)

Ref. No.	MAb(s) designation	Target epitope	Inhibition of RBD‐ACE2 interaction	In vivo neutralisation activity	Affinity constant (nM)	IGHV and IGLV genes usage
35	4A2, 4A12, 4D5, 4A10	RBD	Yes	NI	1.03–5.82	NI
32	C101, C119, C121, C135, C145	RBD	NI	NI	NI	IGHV: Multiple IGHVs
						IGLV: Multiple IGLVs
33	‐	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in syrian hamster (4.2 mg/kg)	NI	IGHV: IGHV1, IGHV3
						IGLV: NI
45	‐	RBD	NI	NI	NI	IGHV: Multiple IGHVs
						IGLV: Multiple IGLVs
44	‐	RBD	NI	NI	NI	NI
46	BD23	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in hACE2 transgenic mice (20 mg/kg)	<15.9	NI
				Therapeutic efficacy in hACE2 transgenic mice (20 mg/kg)
51	COV2‐2196, COV2‐2130	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in hACE2 transgenic mice (10 mg/kg)	NI	NI
52	rRBD‐15	RBD	Yes	NI	NI	NI
49	CV07–209, CV07–250	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in syrian hamster (18 mg/kg)	0.006–1.1	IGHV: IGHV1–2, IGHV3–53, IGHV3–66
				Therapeutic efficacy in syrian hamster (18 mg/kg)		IGLV: IGVK1–33, IGVK2–14
60	B38	RBD	Yes	Therapeutic efficacy in hACE2 transgenic mice (25 mg/kg)	1–100	IGHV: IGHV1, IGHV3
						IGLV: IGVK1, IGVK2, IGVK3
67	CB6	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in rhesus macaques monkey (50 mg/kg)	2.49–68	NI
				Therapeutic efficacy in rhesus macaques monkey (50 mg/kg)
65	MW05	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in rhesus macaques monkey (40 mg/kg)	0.40–0.46	NI
				Therapeutic efficacy in rhesus macaques monkey (40 mg/kg)
61	P2B‐2F6	RBD	Yes	NI	5.14	NI
70	47D11	RBD	No	NI	NI	NI
71	S309	RBD	No (Fc‐dependent effector functions, including ADCC and ADCP)	NI	NI	NI
63 , 110	REGN10933, REGN10987	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in rhesus macaques (25, 50 and 150 mg/kg)	NI	IGHV: IGHV3‐53, IGHV3‐66, IGHV2‐70
			Fc‐dependent effector functions, including ADCC and ADCP	Therapeutic efficacy in golden hamster (50, 5, 0.5 mg/kg)		IGLV: IGVK1‐9, IGVK1‐33, IGVK1‐39
54 , 53	LY‐CoV555	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in rhesus macaques (2.5 mg/kg)	NI	NI
				Therapeutic efficacy in outpatients with mild or moderate COVID‐19 disease (2800 mg)
111	‐	RBD	Yes	NI	NI	NI
112	‐	RBD	Yes	NI	NI	IGHV:IGHV3‐53*01
						IGLV: IGKV3‐30*01
34	MAb 2–4	RBD	Yes	Prophylactic efficacy in syrian hamster (1.5 mg/kg)	NI	IGHV: IGHV3‐30
						IGLV:IGKV3‐20
50	‐	RBD	Yes	NI	1.8–15.6	IGHV3‐64: IGKV1‐39
						IGHV3‐53: IGKV3‐20
						IGHV3‐53: IGKV1‐12
						IGHV3‐66: IGKV3‐20
						IGHV3‐23: IGLV3‐21
59	CTP59	RBD	Yes	Therapeutic efficacy in ferret, hamster, and rhesus monkey (3 and 30 mg/kg)	0.027	IGHV2‐70
77	COV2‐2676, COV2‐4489	NTD	Yes	Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in heterozygous K18‐hACE2 c57BL/6J mice (10 mg/kg)	NI	IGHV4‐39 IGHV1‐69
33	‐	Non‐RBD regions of S protein	NI	NI	NI	NI
75	‐	Non‐RBD regions of S protein	NI	NI	NI	NI
74	4A8	Non‐RBD regions of S1 subunit	NI	NI	92.7	NI

Abbreviations: ACE2: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, ADCC: Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ADCP: Antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis, IGHV: Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region, IGLV: Immunoglobulin light chain variable region, NI: Not identified, nM: Nanomolar, NTD: N‐terminal domain, RBD: Receptor‐binding domain, S: spike.