Table 1.
Demographics, comorbidities, and clinical presentation of children with critical COVID-19.
| Variable | All (n=557)a | Survived (n=501)a | Died (n=56)a | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 8 (2, 12·4) | 8 (2·06, 12·4) | 4 (1, 12·7) | 0·048 |
| Male Sex | 338 (61%) | 305 (61%) | 33 (59%) | 0·777 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cardiac | 43 (7·7%) | 33 (6·6%) | 10 (18%) | 0·003 |
| Pulmonary (not asthma) | 32 (5·7%) | 24 (4·8%) | 8 (14%) | 0·004 |
| Asthma | 44 (7·9%) | 39 (7·8%) | 5 (8·9%) | 0·763 |
| Renal | 22 (4%) | 19 (3·8%) | 3 (5·4%) | 0·569 |
| Liver | 9 (1·6%) | 5 (1%) | 4 (7·1%) | <0·001 |
| Neurologic | 58 (10%) | 49 (9·8%) | 9 (16%) | 0·144 |
| Malignancy | 20 (3·6%) | 13 (2·6%) | 7 (13%) | <0·001 |
| Hematologic | 18 (3·2%) | 13 (2·6%) | 5 (8·9%) | 0·011 |
| Obesity | 74 (13%) | 70 (14%) | 4 (7·1%) | 0·153 |
| Diabetes | 11 (2%) | 10 (2%) | 1 (1·8%) | 0·915 |
| Malnutrition | 36 (6·4%) | 26 (5·2%) | 10 (18%) | <0·001 |
| >1 Comorbidity | 119 (21%) | 93 (19%) | 26 (46%) | <0·001 |
| No Comorbidities | 272 (49%) | 257 (51%) | 15 (27%) | <0·001 |
| Clinical Presentation | ||||
| Known COVID Exposure | 240/555 (43%) | 217/499 (43%) | 23 (41%) | 0·729 |
| Day of Illness at Admission | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (2, 6) | 3 (1·2, 7) | 0·746 |
| ICU During Hospitalization | 540/555 (97%) | 486/499 (97%) | 54 (96%) | 0·672 |
| Ward Admission Pre-ICU | 249/527 (47%) | 220/475 (46%) | 29/52 (56%) | 0·195 |
| Fever (>38·3°C) at Admission | 112/542 (21%) | 106/487 (22%) | 6/55 (11%) | 0·059 |
| Admission O2 Saturation <94% | 116/533 (22%) | 95/478 (20%) | 21/55 (38%) | 0·002 |
| Dehydration at Admission | 87/555 (16%) | 77/499 (15%) | 10 (18%) | 0·636 |
| Delayed Admission Capillary Refill | 141/370 (38%) | 116/327 (35%) | 25/43 (58%) | 0·004 |
| PRISM III at ICU Admission | 5 (2, 10) | 5 (2, 10) | 10·5 (4·25, 13·75) | <0·001 |
| PELOD 2 at ICU Admission | 2 (0, 6) | 2 (0, 5·5) | 5 (2, 9) | <0·001 |
| Presenting Symptoms | ||||
| Lower Respiratory | 262 (47%) | 221 (44%) | 41 (73%) | <0·001 |
| Upper Respiratory | 165 (30%) | 154 (31%) | 11 (20%) | 0·085 |
| Systemic | 469 (84%) | 423 (84%) | 46 (82%) | 0·656 |
| Gastrointestinal | 327 (59%) | 304 (61%) | 23 (41%) | 0·005 |
| Neurologic | 214 (38%) | 190 (38%) | 24 (43%) | 0·472 |
| Mucocutaneous | 208 (37%) | 198 (40%) | 10 (18%) | 0·002 |
| Non-Specific | 299 (54%) | 263 (53%) | 36 (64%) | 0·093 |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR).
Abbreviations: PRISM III = Pediatric Risk of Mortality III; PELOD-2 = Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2.
a
Sample size unless otherwise noted. Lower sample size due to unavailable data.