TABLE 2.
Characteristics of pregnant women with confirmed severe COVID‐19 admitted to hospital in the UK compared with non‐severe symptomatic COVID‐19
| Characteristic | Mild/moderate COVID‐19 | Severe COVID‐19 | OR (95% CI) | aOR a (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 3820 | Total n = 616 | |||
| Age (years) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| <20 | 68 (1.8) | 6 (1.0) | 0.76 (0.32–1.78) | 0.79 (0.33–1.91) |
| 20–29 | 1490 (39.2) | 173 (28.1) | REF | REF |
| 30–39 | 2019 (53.1) | 362 (58.9) | 1.54 (1.27–1.87) | 1.48 (1.20–1.83) |
| ≥40 | 228 (6.0) | 74 (12.0) | 2.80 (2.06–3.80) | 2.57 (1.83–3.62) |
| Missing | 15 | 1 | ||
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||
| Underweight: <18.5 kg/m2 | 54 (1.5) | 4 (0.7) | 0.86 (0.31–2.42) | 0.87 (0.30–2.50) |
| Normal: 18.5–24 kg/m2 | 1280 (35.0) | 110 (19.0) | REF | REF |
| Overweight: 25–29 kg/m2 | 1147 (31.3) | 181 (31.2) | 1.84 (1.43–2.36) | 1.73 (1.34–2.25) |
| Obese: 30 kg/m2 or greater | 1179 (32.2) | 285 (49.1) | 2.81 (2.23–3.55) | 2.52 (1.97–3.23) |
| Missing | 160 | 36 | ||
| Ethnic group | ||||
| White | 2219 (59.5) | 323 (54.0) | REF | REF |
| Asian | 873 (3.4) | 144 (24.1) | 1.13 (0.92–1.40) | 1.15 (0.91–1.46) |
| Black | 389 (10.4) | 75 (12.5) | 1.32 (1.01–1.74) | 1.22 (0.91–1.63) |
| Other | 163 (4.4) | 33 (5.5) | 1.39 (0.94–2.06) | 1.42 (0.92–2.19) |
| Mixed | 83 (2.2) | 23 (3.9) | 1.90 (1.18–3.07) | 1.93 (1.17–3.21) |
| Missing | 93 | 18 | ||
| Current smoking | 359 (9.7) | 43 (7.3) | 0.73 (0.53–1.02) | 0.78 (0.55–1.11) |
| Missing | 130 | 29 | ||
| One or more relevant preexisting medical problems | 472 (12.4) | 108 (17.5) | 1.51 (1.20–1.90) | 1.24 (0.97–1.59) |
| Asthma or chronic respiratory disease | 330 (8.6) | 73 (11.9) | 1.42 (1.09–1.86) | 0.95 (0.58–1.56) |
| Hypertension | 59 (1.5) | 27 (4.4) | 2.92 (1.84–4.65) | 2.20 (1.24–3.89) |
| Diabetes | 67 (1.8) | 16 (2.6) | 1.49 (0.86–2.59) | 0.98 (0.51–1.88) |
| Cardiac disease | 45 (1.2) | 8 (1.3) | NC | NC |
| Renal disease | 28 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | NC | NC |
| Immunodeficiency | 31 (0.8) | 3 (0.5) | NC | NC |
| Metabolic disease | 7 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | NC | NC |
| Gestational diabetes | 344 (9.0) | 95 (15.4) | 1.84 (1.44–2.35) | 1.43 (1.09–1.87) |
| Either woman or partner in paid work | 2903 (76.0) | 430 (69.8) | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | 0.82 (0.66–1.01) |
| Multiparous | 2414 (63.2) | 423 (68.7) | 1.29 (1.07–1.55) | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) |
| Missing | 38 | 9 | ||
| Multiple pregnancy | 82 (2.2) | 24 (3.9) | 1.85 (1.16–2.94) | 1.38 (0.81–2.34) |
| Gestation at admission (weeks) b | ||||
| <22 | 406 (10.7) | 49 (8.1) | 1.68 (1.12–2.51) | 1.55 (1.00–2.39) |
| 22–27+6 | 469 (12.4) | 114 (18.8) | 3.39 (2.41–4.76) | 3.16 (2.20–4.53) |
| 28–31+6 | 463 (12.2) | 130 (21.5) | 3.91 (2.80–5.46) | 3.46 (2.43–4.93) |
| 32–33+6 | 316 (8.4) | 81 (13.4) | 3.57 (2.48–5.14) | 3.32 (2.26–4.88) |
| 34–35+6 | 598 (15.8) | 134 (22.2) | 3.12 (2.24–4.33) | 3.01 (2.13–4.25) |
| 36–37+6 | 289 (7.6) | 25 (4.1) | 1.20 (0.74–1.97) | 1.10 (0.66–1.85) |
| 38–39+6 | 780 (20.6) | 56 (9.3) | REF | REF |
| ≥40 | 465 (12.3) | 16 (2.6) | 0.48 (0.27–0.85) | 0.54 (0.30–0.97) |
| Missing | 34 | 11 | ||
Abbreviations: NC, not calculated due to data sparsity; REF, reference group.
a
Adjusted for: age, BMI, ethnicity, employment status, one or more medical comorbidities, parity, trimester at infection and gestational diabetes.
b
Adjusted for: age, BMI, ethnicity, employment status, one or more medical comorbidities, parity and gestational diabetes.