TABLE 2.

ECMO support and outcome

	All patients (n = 59)	First wave (n = 15)	Second wave (n = 21)	Third wave (n = 23)	p‐value
ECMO—cannulation strategy
Dual–lumen, jugular	43 (73%)	8 (54%)	17 (81%)	18 (78%)	0.178
Femoral–femoral	12 (20%)	5 (33%)	4 (19%)	3 (13%)	0.360
Femoral–jugular	4 (7%)	2 (13%)	0	2 (9%)	0.289
ECMO support duration (days)	29.4 (27–35)	17.9 (10.3–31.7)	13.8 (7.7–31.1)	19.7 (10.9–33.6)	0.677
Causes of death
Intracranial hemorrhage	9 (15%)	2 (13%)	4 (19%)	3 (13%)	0.902
Other major bleeding	3 (5%)	1 (7%)	0	1 (4%)	0.718
Respiratory failure	10 (7%)	2 (13%)	2 (10%)	6 (26%)	0.343
Septic shock	11 (19%)	2 (13%)	5 (24%)	4 (27%)	0.766
Multiorgan failure	7 (12%)	1 (7%)	1 (5%)	5 (22%)	0.235
Unknown	1 (2%)	0	1 (5%)	0	0.610
Died on ECMO	36 (61%)	7 (47%)	12 (57%)	17 (74%)	0.244
Survival rate after ECMO initiation
30 days	30 (51%)	10 (67%)	9 (43%)	11 (48%)	0.424*
60 days	23 (39%)	9 (60%)	9 (43%)	5 (22%)	0.165*
90 days	19 (32%)	7 (47%)	8 (38%)	4 (17%)	0.205*

Note: Data are median (IQR) or n (%). Continuous variables were compared using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Categorical variables were evaluated using Freeman–Halton tests.

Abbreviations: ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive–care unit.

^* p–values are derived from Log–rank (Mantel–Cox) tests.