Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Study	Country	Setting	Design	Sample size	Case	Follow‐up	Source of funding	Risk of bias (percentage)†
Fukuhara (2020) 15	United States	Hospital	Case study	1	Aortic dissection repair	Short term (to clinic)	None	59.38
Fukuhara (2020) 16	United States	Hospital	Case series	24	Aortic dissection repair	Hospital Admission	None	67.19
Hussain (2020) 17	United Kingdom	Hospital	Case study	1	AVR	Hospital Admission	None	62.50
Rescigno (2020) 18	United Kingdom	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	None	62.50
Salna (2020) 19	United States	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	None	65.63
Silveira (2020) 20	Brazil	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	None	65.63
Varela Barca (2020) 21	Spain	Hospital	Case study	1	AVR	Hospital Admission	None	59.38
Yandrapalli (2020) 22	United States	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	None	65.63
Farsky (2021) 23	Brazil	Hospital	Case series	3	CABG	Hospital Admission	None	62.50
Romiti (2020) 24	Italy	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	None	62.50
Farina (2020) 25	Italy	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	None	60.94
Montandrau (2020) 26	France	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	None	64.06
Schwerzmann (2021) 27	Switzerland	Hospital	Cohort	1	AVR + Ascending Aorta Replacement	Hospital Admission	Internal research funding	65.63
Soetisna (2021) 28	Indonesia	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	Not stated	64.06
Darvishi (2021) 29	Iran	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG + Pericardiotomy	Hospital Admission	Not stated	56.25
Lopez‐Marco (2021) 30	UK	Hospital	Cohort	3	Aortic Dissection Repair	Hospital Admission	None	64.06
Keaton‐Nasser (2021) 31	USA	Hospital	Case study	1	CABG	Hospital Admission	Not stated	53.13
Omar(2021) 32	Qatar	Hospital	Case Series	3	CABG	Hospital Admission	Corporate	62.50

^†Average score on downs and black checklist. ²⁸