TABLE 1.
Confirmed COVID‐19 cases, hospitalized and not hospitalized cases
| All COVID‐19 confirmed (n = 971) a | Hospitalized (n = 810) | Not hospitalized (n = 154) | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Country | |||||||
| Austria | 66 | 6.80 | 64 | 7.90 | 2 | 1.30 | <0.0001 |
| Brazil | 3 | 0.31 | 1 | 0.12 | 2 | 1.30 | |
| Egypt | 6 | 0.62 | 5 | 0.62 | 1 | 0.65 | |
| Estonia | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| France | 22 | 2.27 | 19 | 2.35 | 3 | 1.95 | |
| Hungary | 101 | 10.40 | 85 | 10.49 | 16 | 10.39 | |
| Israel | 30 | 3.09 | 30 | 3.70 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Italy | 165 | 16.99 | 96 | 11.85 | 69 | 44.81 | |
| Macedonia | 1 | 0.10 | 1 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Moldova | 118 | 12.15 | 116 | 14.32 | 2 | 1.30 | |
| Norway | 50 | 5.15 | 39 | 4.81 | 11 | 7.14 | |
| Poland | 26 | 2.68 | 9 | 1.11 | 17 | 11.04 | |
| Portugal | 56 | 5.77 | 53 | 6.54 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Romania | 84 | 8.65 | 84 | 10.37 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Russia | 13 | 1.34 | 7 | 0.86 | 6 | 3.90 | |
| Switzerland | 42 | 4.33 | 22 | 2.72 | 19 | 12.34 | |
| Tunisia | 19 | 1.96 | 14 | 1.73 | 5 | 3.25 | |
| Turkey | 145 | 14.93 | 141 | 17.41 | 1 | 0.65 | |
| Ukraine | 24 | 2.47 | 24 | 2.96 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 497 | 51.18 | 434 | 53.58 | 59 | 38.31 | 0.0033 |
| Female | 466 | 47.99 | 368 | 45.43 | 95 | 61.69 | |
| Intersex | 2 | 0.21 | 2 | 0.25 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Unknown | 6 | 0.62 | 6 | 0.74 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Yes | 122 | 12.56 | 109 | 13.46 | 13 | 8.44 | 0.0949 |
| No | 729 | 75.08 | 606 | 74.81 | 120 | 77.92 | |
| Unknown | 120 | 12.36 | 95 | 11.73 | 21 | 13.64 | |
| Source of COVID‐19 contact | |||||||
| Occupation | 75 | 7.72 | 42 | 5.19 | 33 | 21.43 | <0.0001 |
| Family member | 168 | 17.30 | 119 | 14.69 | 46 | 29.87 | |
| Social | 86 | 8.86 | 66 | 8.15 | 18 | 11.69 | |
| Travel | 17 | 1.75 | 16 | 1.98 | 1 | 0.65 | |
| Other | 61 | 6.28 | 61 | 7.53 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Unknown | 564 | 58.08 | 506 | 62.47 | 56 | 36.36 | |
| Median (n) | IQR | Median (n) | IQR | Median (n) | IQR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at COVID onset | 63 (909) | 48–74 | 66 (751) | 52–76 | 48 (151) | 34–61 | <0.0001 |
| BMI | 25 (840) | 23–28 | 26 (706) | 23–29 | 24 (130) | 22–28 | 0.0455 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any comorbidity | 619 | 63.75 | 565 | 69.75 | 49 | 31.82 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 505 | 52.01 | 464 | 57.28 | 36 | 23.38 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes type 1 | 8 | 0.82 | 8 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.2054 |
| Diabetes type 2 | 206 | 21.22 | 191 | 23.58 | 14 | 9.09 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 289 | 29.76 | 269 | 33.21 | 17 | 11.04 | <0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 88 | 9.06 | 87 | 10.74 | 1 | 0.65 | <0.0001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 37 | 3.81 | 37 | 4.57 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0057 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 93 | 9.58 | 86 | 10.62 | 6 | 3.90 | 0.0136 |
| Anaemia | 50 | 5.15 | 47 | 5.80 | 3 | 1.95 | 0.0389 |
| Cancer | 85 | 8.75 | 80 | 9.88 | 4 | 2.60 | 0.0055 |
| Immunosuppressed state | 50 | 5.15 | 44 | 5.43 | 6 | 3.90 | 0.3712 |
| Other non‐neurological comorbidity | 232 | 23.89 | 216 | 26.67 | 15 | 9.74 | <0.0001 |
| Dementia | 86 | 8.86 | 79 | 9.75 | 6 | 3.90 | 0.0275 |
| Parkinson's disease | 35 | 3.60 | 21 | 2.59 | 14 | 9.09 | 0.0001 |
| Stroke: ICH, ischaemic stroke, TIA | 154 | 15.86 | 147 | 18.15 | 6 | 3.90 | <0.0001 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 47 | 4.84 | 19 | 2.35 | 28 | 18.18 | <0.0001 |
| Motor neuron disease | 4 | 0.41 | 3 | 0.37 | 1 | 0.65 | 0.6501 |
| Neuromuscular disorder | 12 | 1.24 | 11 | 1.36 | 1 | 0.65 | 0.4395 |
| Neuropathy | 34 | 3.50 | 31 | 3.83 | 3 | 1.95 | 0.2157 |
| Other neurological disease | 99 | 10.20 | 82 | 10.12 | 16 | 10.39 | 0.8675 |
| COVID systemic complications | 501 | 51.60 | 480 | 59.26 | 17 | 11.04 | <0.0001 |
| Dyspnoea | 503 | 51.80 | 453 | 55.93 | 46 | 29.87 | <0.0001 |
| Pneumonia | 528 | 54.38 | 501 | 61.85 | 22 | 14.29 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular | 121 | 12.46 | 117 | 14.44 | 1 | 0.65 | <0.0001 |
| Renal insufficiency/dialysis | 65 | 6.69 | 65 | 8.02 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0002 |
| Coagulation disorder/disseminated intravascular coagulation | 45 | 4.63 | 44 | 5.43 | 1 | 0.65 | 0.0080 |
| Refractory shock | 38 | 3.91 | 37 | 4.57 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0183 |
| Extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) | 5 | 0.51 | 5 | 0.62 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.3176 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 121 | 12.46 | 116 | 14.32 | 0 | 0.00 | <0.0001 |
| Neurological findings | 747 | 76.93 | 633 | 78.15 | 107 | 69.48 | 0.0434 |
| Headache | 394 | 40.58 | 310 | 38.27 | 81 | 52.60 | 0.0010 |
| Hyposmia/hypogeusia | 291 | 29.97 | 199 | 24.57 | 90 | 58.44 | <0.0001 |
| Dysautonomia | 139 | 14.32 | 107 | 13.21 | 31 | 20.13 | 0.0274 |
| Vertigo | 194 | 19.98 | 159 | 19.63 | 32 | 20.78 | 0.5409 |
| Myalgia | 284 | 29.25 | 202 | 24.94 | 80 | 51.95 | <0.0001 |
| Sleep disorders | 161 | 16.58 | 120 | 14.81 | 39 | 25.39 | 0.0009 |
| Cognitive impairment (including dysexecutive syndrome) | 288 | 29.66 | 256 | 31.60 | 32 | 20.78 | 0.0029 |
| Hyperactive delirium | 122 | 12.56 | 111 | 13.70 | 10 | 6.49 | 0.0163 |
| Hypoactive delirium/acute encephalopathy | 112 | 11.53 | 106 | 13.09 | 6 | 3.90 | 0.0007 |
| Stupor/coma | 124 | 12.77 | 119 | 14.69 | 4 | 2.60 | <0.0001 |
| Syncope | 51 | 5.25 | 46 | 5.68 | 5 | 3.25 | 0.1813 |
| Seizures/status epilepticus | 81 | 8.34 | 76 | 9.38 | 5 | 3.25 | 0.0085 |
| Meningitis/encephalitis | 42 | 4.33 | 38 | 4.69 | 4 | 2.60 | 0.2087 |
| Stroke | 253 | 26.06 | 244 | 30.12 | 6 | 3.90 | <0.0001 |
| Tremor | 68 | 7.00 | 60 | 7.41 | 8 | 5.19 | 0.2681 |
| Chorea | 1 | 0.10 | 1 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.6556 |
| Dystonia | 18 | 1.85 | 18 | 2.22 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0562 |
| Myoclonus | 15 | 1.54 | 15 | 1.85 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0818 |
| Dyskinesia | 12 | 1.24 | 9 | 1.11 | 3 | 1.95 | 0.4301 |
| Parkinsonism | 26 | 2.68 | 21 | 2.59 | 5 | 3.25 | 0.7217 |
| Ataxia | 86 | 8.86 | 78 | 9.63 | 8 | 5.19 | 0.0573 |
| Spinal cord disorder | 38 | 3.91 | 36 | 4.44 | 2 | 1.30 | 0.0557 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 92 | 9.47 | 85 | 10.49 | 7 | 4.55 | 0.0150 |
| Other neurological findings | 121 | 12.46 | 106 | 13.09 | 15 | 9.74 | 0.1859 |
| Hospital admission | 810 | 83.42 | 810 | 100.00 | 0 | 0.00 | <0.0001 |
| ICU admission | 227 | 23.38 | 224 | 27.65 | 0 | 0.00 | <0.0001 |
| Pre‐morbid mRS | |||||||
| 0 | 488 | 52.87 | 381 | 48.97 | 104 | 75.36 | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 153 | 16.58 | 132 | 16.97 | 20 | 14.49 | |
| 2 | 95 | 10.29 | 84 | 10.80 | 10 | 7.25 | |
| 3 | 96 | 10.40 | 90 | 11.57 | 4 | 2.90 | |
| 4 | 64 | 6.93 | 64 | 8.23 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 5 | 27 | 2.93 | 27 | 3.47 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Missing | 48 | 32 | 16 | ||||
| Discharge mRS | |||||||
| 0 | 264 | 28.12 | 170 | 21.49 | 94 | 64.83 | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 158 | 16.83 | 128 | 16.18 | 30 | 20.69 | |
| 2 | 116 | 12.35 | 101 | 12.77 | 15 | 10.34 | |
| 3 | 130 | 13.84 | 123 | 15.55 | 6 | 4.14 | |
| 4 | 88 | 9.37 | 87 | 11.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 5 | 51 | 5.43 | 50 | 6.32 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 6 | 132 | 14.06 | 132 | 16.69 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Missing | 32 | 19 | 9 | ||||
| Outcome | |||||||
| Worse b | 448 | 49.12 | 432 | 56.10 | 14 | 10.07 | <0.0001 |
| Stable/improved b | 464 | 50.88 | 338 | 43.90 | 125 | 89.93 | |
| Not available | 59 | 40 | 19 | ||||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
a
Setting was unknown in seven cases: Portugal three, Switzerland one, Turkey three.
b
Worse outcome, mRS score at discharge higher than pre‐morbid mRS score; stable/improved outcome, mRS score at discharge equal to or lower than pre‐morbid mRS score.