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. 2022 May 8;7(3):887–899. doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.04.009

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — Hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by CYPs in production a. Starting from 3-isopropyl-2-cyclohexenone to produce nigelladine A; b. Synthesizing pravastatin from compactin; c. Introducing a hydroxyl group into androstenedione and cortexolone to produce 14α-OH-androstenedione and 14α-OH-cortexolone respectively; d. Converting astemizole to mammalian metabolites; e. Converting verapamil to mammalian metabolites; f. Three types of representative multi-enzyme cascades involving O₂-mediated hydroxylation and ketonization catalyzed by CYP102A1. ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase.