Table 1. Characteristics of Included Studies Stratified by Mechanism of Action.
| Study characteristic | Studies, No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Checkpoint inhibitor (n = 7) | Cytotoxic (n = 7) | Targeted therapy (n = 15) | Overall (n = 29) | |
| Tumor type | ||||
| Breast | 0 | 2 (29) | 7 (47) | 9 (31) |
| Gastric | 1 (14) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) |
| GIST | 0 | 0 | 1 (7) | 1 (3) |
| HNSCC | 0 | 0 | 1 (7) | 1 (3) |
| Melanoma | 4 (57) | 0 | 1 (7) | 5 (17) |
| NSCLC | 0 | 1 (14) | 4 (27) | 5 (17) |
| Pancreatic | 0 | 1 (14) | 0 | 1 (3) |
| RCC | 0 | 0 | 1 (7) | 1 (3) |
| Urothelial | 2 (29) | 1 (14) | 0 | 3 (10) |
| SCLC | 0 | 2 (29) | 0 | 2 (7) |
| Adjuvant setting | ||||
| Study masking | ||||
| Yes | 5 (71) | 0 | 7 (47) | 12 (41) |
| No. of intervention participants, median (range) | 453 (59-532) | 247 (110-448) | 438 (91-2883) | 406 (59-2883) |
| Intervention participants discontinuing treatment from adverse events or withdrawal, median (range), % | 21.4 (11.7-59.3) | 16.6 (2.2-24.5) | 27.7 (12.6-43.8) | 21.4 (2.2-59.3) |
| Dose reductions | ||||
| Yes | 0 | 3 (43) | 10 (67) | 12 (41) |
| Not allowed | 7 (100) | 0 | 1 (7) | 8 (28) |
| Not reported | 0 | 4 (57) | 4 (27) | 8 (28) |
| Participants with dose reductions, median (range), % | 0 | 36.9 (8.6-78.8) | 40.6 (10.4-87.0) | 40 (8.6-87.0) |
| Disease-free survival | ||||
| Positive | 5 (71) | 3 (43) | 8 (53) | 16 (55) |
| Negative | 2 (29) | 4 (57) | 5 (33) | 11 (38) |
| Inaccessible | 0 | 0 | 2 (13) | 2 (7) |
| Overall survival | ||||
| Positive | 1 (14) | 1 (14) | 0 | 2 (7) |
| Negative | 2 (29) | 6 (86) | 9 (60) | 17 (59) |
| Inaccessible/not reported | 4 (57) | 0 | 6 (40) | 10 (35) |
| Received FDA approval | 4 (57) | 0 | 5 (33) | 9 (31) |
| Metastatic setting | ||||
| Study masking | ||||
| Yes | 3 (42.8) | 0 | 7 (46.7) | 10 (34.5) |
| No. of intervention participants, median (range) | 277 (94-789) | 164 (51-612) | 328 (30-318) | 279 (30-789) |
| Intervention participants discontinuing treatment from adverse events or withdrawal, median (range), % | 15.2 (6.7-56.4) | 25.5 (14.9-32.8) | 14.0 (5.5-28.9) | 16.0 (5.5-56.4) |
| Dose reductions | ||||
| Yes | 0 | 4 (57.1) | 10 (66.7) | 14 (48.3) |
| Not allowed | 7 (100) | 0 | 1 (6.7) | 8 (27.6) |
| Not reported | 0 | 3 (42.9) | 4 (26.7) | 7 (24.1) |
| Participants with dose reductions, median (range), % | 0 | 76.3 (43-86) | 18.6 (4-43) | 24.0 (4-86) |
| Progression-free survival | ||||
| Positive | 5 (71.4) | 1 (14.3) | 12 (80.0) | 18 (62.1) |
| Negative | 1 (14.3) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (13.3) | 5 (17.2) |
| Inaccessible | 1 (14.3) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (6.7) | 6 (20.7) |
| Overall survival | ||||
| Positive | 4 (57.1) | 0 | 6 (40.0) | 10 (34.5) |
| Negative | 2 (28.6) | 3 (42.8) | 8 (53.3) | 13 (44.8) |
| Inaccessible | 1 (14.3) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (6.7) | 6 (20.7) |
| Received FDA approval | 7 (100) | 2 (28.6) | 13 (86.7) | 20 (69.0) |
Abbreviations: FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; SCLC, small cell lung cancer.