Fig. 4.

The repair efficacy of osteochondral defects by PBMSCs-encapsulated hydrogels in vivo. (a) The operation flowchart of PBMSCs isolation, encapsulation, and hydrogel implantation into osteochondral defects. (b) The macroscopic appearance of the repaired joint; scale bar = 5 mm. (c) ICRS macroscopic assessment scores in osteochondral repair. Data are presented as the mean ± S.D. (n = 4). Statistical significance was calculated using two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. (d) The MRI scan of the repaired knee joints; scale bars = 1 cm. (e) Representative micro-CT images of subchondral bone repair at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment; scale bar = 2.5 mm.