Table 3.
Odds of self-reported perinatal cannabis use among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to children with other developmental delays/disorders (DD) or from the general population (POP), the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED)
| OR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
|
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| Study groups | Time period of cannabis exposure | N | Crudea | Adjusteda, b |
|
| ||||
| ASD vs DD | Peri-pregnancyc | 2,644 | 1.71(1.15, 2.54) | 1.39 (0.91, 2.11) |
| Pre-conception onlyd | 2,582 | 1.91 (1.05, 3.47) | 1.58 (0.86, 2.92) | |
| Pregnancy | 2,591 | 1.52 (0.90, 2.58) | 1.21 (0.70, 2.10) | |
| First trimester | 2,586 | 1.66 (0.95, 2.91) | –e | |
| Second trimester | 2,544 | 1.11 (0.38, 3.21) | – | |
| Third trimester | 2,544 | 1.11 (0.38, 3.22) | – | |
| Breastfeeding | 2,542 | 1.71 (0.51, 5.70) | – | |
| ASD vs POP | Peri-pregnancyc | 3,075 | 1.19 (0.86, 1.66) | 0.89 (0.62, 1.27) |
| Pre-conception onlyd | 2,994 | 1.31 (0.81, 2.13) | 1.02 (0.61, 1.70) | |
| Pregnancy | 3,003 | 1.19 (0.75, 1.88) | 0.85 (0.52, 1.38) | |
| First trimester | 2,998 | 1.23 (0.77, 1.97) | –e | |
| Second trimester | 2,950 | 0.60 (0.25, 1.42) | – | |
| Third trimester | 2,944 | 1.00 (0.39, 2.61) | – | |
| Breastfeeding | 2,949 | 0.65 (0.27, 1.54) | – | |
a
Includes random intercept for site
b
Adjusted for maternal education, and alcohol and tobacco use during peri-pregnancy
c
Maternal cannabis use from 3 months prior to conception through the third trimester
d
Maternal cannabis use during the 3 months prior to conception but not in pregnancy
e
Analyses by trimester or during breastfeeding were based on small number of users, precluding covariate adjustment