Table 5.

Key points and limitations of HCV technology-based tools.

	E-diary	Electronic MEMS Caps	Electronic blister packs (Med-ic ECM))	Electronic pill boxes (Wisepill)	Video-based directly observed therapy (vDOT—emocha)	Artificial intelligence platforms0 (AIPs, AiCure)	Ingestible sensors systems (Proteus Digital Health)
Key points	Limit recall bias, incomplete entries and loss of data over paper diaries Resolve handwriting issues/ data manipulation	Adapted to non-technologically savvy Automatically record dosing as caps are opened	Adapted to non-technologically savvy Automatically record dosing as blister is popped	Adapted to non-technologically savvy Automatically record dosing as boxes are opened	Confirm medication ingestion More convenient over DOT HIPAA compliant Stores-dosing data	Confirm medication ingestion Real-time recording, storage, and access of dosing data Improve provider/patient relationship	Time and cost-effective compared with DOT Confirm medication ingestion Real-time recording and storage of dosing data
Limitations	Cannot confirm medication ingestion Limited to those who are comfortable with technology Require power and internet	Cannot confirm medication ingestion or Remind of previous/future dosing event	Cannot confirm medication ingestion or Remind of previous/future dosing event	Cannot confirm medication ingestion orRemind of previous/future dosing event	Operational or technical challenges (Recording while ingesting Missed recordings due to uncharged devices, low network range, or internet) Privacy and data breach concerns	Feasibility and technological challenges Frustrations with showing faces, pills in hand, then on tongue, and the empty bottom of the tongue	Desirability limitations (Crushing pills encapsulated with sensor is not possible ,Patches can come off after showering/perspiration, Rashes and itching AEs related to patch wearing) Logistics of coordinating over-encapsulation of tablets across multiple sites may also be challenging for large-scale uptake

AEs, adverse events; DOT, directly observed therapy; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; MEMS, medication events monitoring system.