. 2022 Mar 25;8(1):e003. doi: 10.1097/JW9.0000000000000003

Table 1.

Summary of articles

No	Author	Year	Study design	Patients	Dropouts	Intervention	Comparison	Duration of treatment	Follow-up	Evaluation of the treatment	AEs
1	Weiss et al.¹⁴	2006	Single-center, double-blind, RCT	45	5	TMG 0.1% once daily	Placebo	6 mo	At baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 mo	TMG 0.1% was more effective than placebo in improving photodamaged skin	Most signs and symptoms of cutaneous irritation were rated mild in intensity
1	Weiss et al.¹⁴	2006	Single-center, double-blind, RCT	45	5	TMG 0.1% once daily	Placebo	6 mo	At baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 mo		Tretinoin group was statistically significant only for peeling and dryness
2	Kang et al.¹⁵	2005	Multicenter, double-blind, RCT	205	45	Tretinoin emollient cream 0.05%	Placebo (vehicle emollient cream)	24 mo	At 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 mo	Long-term treatment with tretinoin emollient cream 0.05% was effective in subjects with moderate to severe facial photodamage	Cutaneous irritation was greater in tretinoin group
2	Kang et al.¹⁵	2005	Multicenter, double-blind, RCT	205	45	Tretinoin emollient cream 0.05%	Placebo (vehicle emollient cream)	24 mo	At 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 mo		Most common AEs: erythema, peeling, itching, burning, and dryness
3	Sumita et al.¹⁶	2018	Single-center, evaluator-blind, RCT	24	1	0.05% tretinoin cream 3 alternate nights a week for 24 wk	5% tretinoin 8 sequential applications as peeling, every 2 wk	24 wk	At baseline, 1 and 6 mo	Tretinoin as a cream 0.05% or peeling (5%) was effective for treatment of moderate photoaging and forearm field cancerization	Good tolerability for both regimens
3	Sumita et al.¹⁶	2018	Single-center, evaluator-blind, RCT	24	1	0.05% tretinoin cream 3 alternate nights a week for 24 wk		24 wk	At baseline, 1 and 6 mo		Pruritus and erythema were reported by the subjects but neither led to treatment discontinuation
4	Bagatin et al.¹⁰	2018	Multicenter, investigator-blind, RCT	128	14	Adapalene 0.3% gel once daily	Tretinoin 0.05% cream once daily	24 wk	At 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wk	Adapalene 0.3% gel showed noninferior efficacy to tretinoin 0.05% cream as treatment for photoaged skin	No significant difference in AEs between groups
4	Bagatin et al.¹⁰	2018	Multicenter, investigator-blind, RCT	128	14	Adapalene 0.3% gel once daily	Tretinoin 0.05% cream once daily	24 wk	At 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wk		Most common: burning sensation, erythema, peeling, pruritus, and dryness
5	Lowe et al.¹⁷	2004	Multicenter, double-blind, RCT	173	16	Tazarotene 0.1% cream once daily	Tretinoin 0.05% emollient cream once daily	24 wk	At 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wk	Tazarotene 0.1% cream offered superior efficacy over tretinoin 0.05% emollient cream in the treatment of facial photodamage, particularly with respect to the speed of improvement	Both products were comparable in terms of cosmetic acceptability and tolerability
5	Lowe et al.¹⁷	2004	Multicenter, double-blind, RCT	173	16	Tazarotene 0.1% cream once daily	Tretinoin 0.05% emollient cream once daily	24 wk	At 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wk		Tazarotene was associated with a higher incidence of a burning sensation
6	Draelos¹⁸	2005	Single-center, double-blind, RCT	44	12	4% hydroquinone and retinol 0.3% cream	Tretinoin 0.05% emollient cream once daily	16 wk	At baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk	The hydroquinone/retinol treatment was superior in terms of tactile roughness, fine lines, and hyperpigmentation compared with tretinoin treatment	Erythema and dryness/scaling were more significant in tretinoin group
7	Bouloc et al.¹⁹	2015	Single-center, double-blind, RCT	120	20	Retinol 0.2%/LR2412 2% cream	Tretinoin 0.025% cream	3 mo	At 0, 28, 56, and 84 d	The outcome of retinol 0.2%/LR2412 2% cream does not differ from tretinoin 0.025% cream	Adverse effects were mostly graded mild. Retinol 0.2%/LR2412 2% cream was better tolerated than tretinoin 0.025% cream

AE, adverse event; d, days; mo, months; RCT, randomized controlled trial; TMG, tretinoin microsphere gel; wk, weeks.