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. 2022 May 16;14:63. doi: 10.1186/s13148-022-01282-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Folic acid methylation changes are particularly enriched at brain-specific genes. A Overview of FA role in DNA methylation-driven benefits for child. Schematic of the EpiFASSTT study and already published results and summary of the results found in this study (grey). Folic acid affects nutritional outcomes for mother and child in the form of maintaining folate levels (green). Psychological analysis of the children supplemented with FA shows clear cognitive benefits (brown arrow). Methylation analysis of the CB samples associates methylation changes with brain-related gene groups (orange). B Number of hyper- (blue) and hypomethylated (red) regions (sites, promoters, and genes) in the top 3000 best-ranking promoters and gene bodies in response to response to FA supplementation in later pregnancy. C Enrichment for tissue-type expression using DAVID and Unigene for the top 3000 best-ranking promoters (i) and gene bodies (ii). Term, Unigene terms; Count; number of genes from the input set in this category; %, per cent of total input; Genes, names of genes from input set falling into this category (first 3 only shown); Fold Enrich, fold enrichment; Benjamini, p value corrected for multiple testing by Benjamini–Hochberg method; FDR false discovery rate score, where 0.05 = 5% of hits being false positive. A significant percentage of promoters and genes changing methylation are expressed in the brain and during early development