Table 4.

Comparison of Mean ± SD of FBS, insulin, and HOMA-IR within and between the groups

Variables	AT + PJI (n = 9)	AT (n = 10)	PJI (n = 9)	C (n = 10)	P-Value a
FBS (mg/dl)
Before	144.44 ± 3.12	145.10 ± 3.84	146.88 ± 7.42	146.90 ± 7.24
After	126.44 ± 3.50	133.10 ± 3.95	139.33 ± 6.34	149.09 ± 7.53
P†	P = 0.001*	P = 0.001*	P = 0.001*	P = 0.002*
Δ	−18 ± 0.38 μ€β	−12 ± 0.11 €β	−7.55 ± 1.08 β	2.19 ± 0.29	0.001 ¥
Insulin (μU/ml)
Before	7.30 ± 0.70	7.31 ± 0.86	7.06 ± 0.75	7.30 ± 0.78
After	6.65 ± 1.09	7 ± 0.87	6.95 ± 0.76	7.38 ± 0.90
P†	P = 0.001*	P = 0.021*	P = 0.042*	P = 0.049*
Δ	−0.65 ± 0.39 μ€β	−0.31 ± 0.01 €β	−0.11 ± 0.01 β	0.08 ± 0.12	0.039 ¥
HOMA-IR
Before	2.60 ± 0.27	2.62 ± 0.30	2.56 ± 0.29	2.65 ± 0.37
After	2.08 ± 0.33	2.30 ± 0.25	2.39 ± 0.26	2.72 ± 0.40
P†	P = 0.001*	P = 0.024*	P = 0.043*	P = 0.049*
Δ	−0.52 ± 0.06 μ€β	−0.32 ± 0.05 €β	−0.17 ± 0.03 β	0.07 ± 0.03	0.026 ¥
AST (U/L)
Before	37.88 ± 0.74	38.23 ± 0.68	36.22 ± 1.20	36.48 ± 1.20
After	26.33 ± 0.70	32.33 ± 0.16	33.85 ± 0.78	38.01 ± 1.09
P†	P = 0.001*	P = 0.024*	P = 0.038*	P = 0.045*
Δ	−11.55 ± 0.04 μ€β	−5.90 ± 0.52€β	−2.37 ± 0.42β	1.53 ± 0.11	0.001 ¥
ALT (U/L)
Before	39.07 ± 4.01	38.80 ± 3.21	36.77 ± 3.27	36.20 ± 3.02
After	29.11 ± 2.42	33.85 ± 2.17	32.55 ± 3.21	39.76 ± 3.20
P†	P = 0.001*	P = 0.012*	P = 0.025*	P = 0.039*
Δ	−9.96 ± 1.59μ€β	−4.95 ± 1.04 €β	−4.22 ± 0.06β	3.56 ± 0.18	0.001 ¥
GGT (U/L)
Before	38.22 ± 2.53	39.22 ± 2.68	38.33 ± 3.39	39.18 ± 2.63
After	29.44 ± 1.66	34.01 ± 2.36	34.22 ± 2.58	41.45 ± 3.35
P†	P = 0.001*	P = 0.010*	P = 0.027*	P = 0.041*
Δ	−8.78 ± 0.87μ€β	−5.21 ± 0.3€β	−4.11 ± 0.81 β	2.27 ± 0.72	0.011 ¥

AT + PJI Aerobic training + pomegranate juice intake group, AT Aerobic training group, PJI pomegranate juice intake group, C the control group

*Data analysis was done by the analysis of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference posthoc Tukey’s test after adjustment for baseline values; P†: Statistical analysis was done by paired sample t-test

*: Significantly different in comparison pre and post within the groups

¥: Significantly different comparing Δ between groups

μ: Significantly different compared with AT

€: Significantly different compared with PJI

β: Significantly different compared with C