Table 3.

Results of studies, divides into different types of memory.

Author (year)	Global memory	Episodic memory	Visual/spatial memory	Short-term memory	Working memory
Randomized controlled trial
Boggio et al. (2005)					0
Bondareff et al. (2000)	+	+		+	+
Cassano et al. (2002)	+	+
Culang et al. (2009)		0/−*			0/−*
Geretsegger et al. (1994)	+
Newhouse et al. (2000)		+			+
Raskin et al. (2007)	0	+		+	0
Taragano et al. (1997)	0
Choe et al. (2016)	0
Deakin et al. (2004)		–		0	0
Mokhber et al. (2014)	+
Munro et al. (2004)	0	0		0
Munro et al. (2012)	0				0
Porsteinsson et al. (2014)	–
Weintraub et al. (2010)	0
Martin et al. (1989)	+	+
O’Carroll et al. (1994)	0			0	0
Butters et al. (2011)		0		0	0
Jorge et al. (2010)	+	+		+
Robinson et al. (2000)	0
Furlan et al. (2001)		0		0	0
Kerr et al. (1992)				0
Lenze et al. (2020)	+
Controlled clinical trial
Alves et al. (2007)	+	+		0
Beheydt et al. (2015)		0		0	0
Savaskan et al. (2008)	+	+
Clinical trial
Barch et al. (2012)		+		0	0
Devanand et al. (2003)	0	0		0	+/−*
Diaconescu et al. (2011)	0	+
Nebes et al. (1999)		0		0	+
Rocca et al. (2005)	+
Royall et al. (2009)	0
Cohort study
Korten et al. (2014)		0			0
Brendel et al. (2018)	+
Oh et al. (2021)	0
Pirker-Kees et al. (2019)	0
Rozzini et al. (2010)	0*
Carrière et al. (2017)	0		0
Del Ser et al. (2019)	0	0			0
Leng et al. (2018)	–

0: no effect; −: impairment; +: improvement.

^*Results depend on responding status: responders versus non-responders.

Improvement of global cognition between baseline and 3 months, but at 9 months, stabilization from baseline.