Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics upon intensive care unit admission of patients who received or did not receive NMBA treatment
| Unmatched cohort (N = 1953) |
Propensity score-matched cohort (N = 420) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Control (N = 1711) | NMBA treatment (N = 242) |
Control (N = 210) | NMBA treatment (N = 210) |
|
| Age (years) mean (SD) | 61.8 (12.3) | 58.9 (12.2) | 61.2 (14.2) | 59.4 (12.1) | |
| Age (years) n (%) | |||||
| < 50 | 268 (15.7%) | 50 (20.7%) | 42 (20.0%) | 40 (19.0%) | |
| 50–59 | 366 (21.4%) | 66 (27.3%) | 45 (21.4%) | 56 (26.7%) | |
| 60–69 | 578 (33.8%) | 80 (33.1%) | 57 (27.1%) | 73 (34.8%) | |
| 70–79 | 448 (26.2%) | 43 (17.8%) | 59 (28.1%) | 39 (18.6%) | |
| ≥ 80 | 51 (3.0%) | 3 (1.2%) | 7 (3.3%) | 2 (1.0%) | |
| Male n (%) | 1,196 (70.0%) | 175 (72.3%) | 144 (68.6%) | 152 (72.4%) | |
| Duration of symptom onset to hospital admission (days) median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 7.0 (4.0–9.0) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 7.0 (3.0–9.0) | |
| Duration of symptom onset to ICU admission (days) median (IQR) | 11.0 (8.0–15.0) | 10.0 (7.0–13.0) | 10.0 (8.0–15.0) | 10.0 (7.0–13.0) | |
| Duration of symptom onset to first use of mechanical ventilation (days) median (IQR) | 11.0 (8.0–15.0) | 10.0 (7.0–13.0) | 10.0 (8.0–15.0) | 10.0 (7.0–13.0) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Aboriginal | 5 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Arab | 59 (3.4%) | 6 (2.5%) | 8 (3.8%) | 4 (1.9%) | |
| Black | 53 (3.1%) | 21 (8.7%) | 11 (5.2%) | 20 (9.5%) | |
| East Asian | 18 (1.1%) | 5 (2.1%) | 7 (3.3%) | 5 (2.4%) | |
| Latin American | 108 (6.3%) | 31 (12.8%) | 25 (11.9%) | 27 (12.9%) | |
| South Asian | 75 (4.4%) | 9 (3.7%) | 8 (3.8%) | 9 (4.3%) | |
| West Asian | 5 (0.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| White | 163 (9.5%) | 54 (22.3%) | 18 (8.6%) | 48 (22.9%) | |
| Mixed | 11 (0.6%) | 8 (3.3%) | 4 (1.9%) | 5 (2.4%) | |
| Other | 22 (1.3%) | 10 (4.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 10 (4.8%) | |
| Missing | 1192 (69.7%) | 97 (40.1%) | 124 (59.0%) | 81 (38.6%) | |
| Continent | |||||
| Africa n (%) | 19 (1.1%) | 18 (7.4%) | 14 (6.7%) | 14 (6.7%) | |
| Asia n (%) | 148 (8.6%) | 19 (7.9%) | 12 (5.7%) | 18 (8.6%) | |
| Europe n (%) | 1237 (72.3%) | 135 (55.8%) | 121 (57.6%) | 114 (54.3%) | |
| North America n (%) | 175 (10.2%) | 43 (17.8%) | 42 (20.0%) | 43 (20.5%) | |
| Oceania n (%) | 30 (1.8%) | 7 (2.9%) | 3 (1.4%) | 5 (2.4%) | |
| South/Central America n (%) | 102 (6.0%) | 20 (8.3%) | 18 (8.6%) | 16 (7.6%) | |
| Healthcare or laboratory worker n (%) | 42 (2.6%) | 10 (4.5%) | 8 (4.0%) | 9 (4.7%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Smoking n (%) | 525 (31.0%) | 76 (32.1%) | 62 (29.5%) | 65 (31.4%) | |
| Obesity* n (%) | 622 (36.7%) | 97 (40.8%) | 88 (41.9%) | 84 (40.2%) | |
| Hypertension n (%) | 916 (53.9%) | 125 (52.7%) | 123 (58.6%) | 116 (55.2%) | |
| Chronic cardiac disease n (%) | 227 (13.4%) | 21 (8.9%) | 17 (8.1%) | 19 (9.0%) | |
| Diabetes n (%) | 502 (29.8%) | 65 (27.9%) | 65 (31.0%) | 60 (29.1%) | |
| Malignant neoplasm n (%) | 66 (3.9%) | 8 (3.4%) | 9 (4.3%) | 8 (3.8%) | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease n (%) | 171 (10.1%) | 30 (12.6%) | 32 (15.2%) | 27 (12.9%) | |
| Severe liver disease n (%) | 30 (1.8%) | 6 (2.5%) | 4 (1.9%) | 6 (2.9%) | |
| Chronic kidney disease n (%) | 152 (9.0%) | 12 (5.0%) | 12 (5.7%) | 12 (5.7%) | |
| BMI mean (SD) | 30.2 (6.4) | 30.9 (6.8) | 30.3 (6.2) | 30.6 (6.6) | |
| Severity of illness | |||||
| APACHE II mean (SD) | 18.5 (10.5) | 17.8 (11.0) | 21.2 (12.3) | 18.3 (11.0) | |
| SOFA mean (SD) | 6.0 (3.9) | 5.3 (3.5) | 6.1 (4.7) | 5.4 (3.6) | |
| Laboratory results upon ICU admission | |||||
| WBC count (10*3/µL) median (IQR) | 9.6 (6.1–13.0) | 8.8 (7.1–11.7) | 10.0 (6.4–14.1) | 8.7 (7.1–11.4) | |
| Lymphocyte count (10*3/µL) median (IQR) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.0) | |
| Neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio median (IQR) | 9.9 (5.8–17.9) | 10.6 (6.2–15.8) | 9.8 (5.5–17.8) | 10.4 (6.0–15.2) | |
| Temperature (°C) mean (SD) | 37.3 (1.1) | 37.4 (1.1) | 37.2 (1.0) | 37.4 (1.0) | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | |
| C-reactive protein level (mg/dL) median (IQR) | 104.8 (30.0–192.0) | 86.3 (22.6–185.4) | 126.3 (40.9–228.6) | 82.8 (20.8–172.1) | |
| D-dimer (mcg/mL) median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.5–2.2) | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 1.0 (0.6–2.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | |
| Lactate (mmol/L) median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) | 1.6 (1.1–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) median (IQR) | 2.9 (1.4–4.8) | 2.8 (1.7–5.6) | 3.4 (1.7–5.9) | 3.2 (1.7–5.6) | |
| IL-6 (ng/L) median (IQR) | 124.7 (51.2–268.0) | 79.4 (28.9–108.2) | 83.0 (47.8–173.3) | 75.9 (26.3–100.1) | |
Demographic and clinical characteristics upon intensive care unit admission of patients who received or did not receive neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA). NMBA treatment was defined as at least 2 days of continuous use of NMBAs or up to 3 days, within 48 h from commencement of IMV
IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; BMI, body mass index; APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; WBC, white blood cells; IL, interleukin