Table 8.
Characteristics of the Intervention Studies in the Medication Category: Cognitive Outcome Domain.
| Source | n | Intervention Duration | Age Range (M ± SD) | ADHD Diagnosis | PA Measures/ Days Monitored | Outcome Measures | Medication Effect | I&C | Key Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Butte, Treuth, Voigt, Llorente, and Heird (I999) a | 31 (M = 26, F = 5) | 2 months Study 1: Day 1 Study 2: 2 months after Study 1 |
6–12 (9.5 ± 1.9) | Yes | Counts per minute by a Doppler microwave detector/19 hr | Attention Energy expenditure | Yes | I (Study 2): Received different doses of stimulant medication C (Study 1): No stimulant medication |
Positive sig. correlation between errors of commission and decrease in TEE, AEE, movie EE attributable to the stimulant medication Negative sig. correlation between response time and difference in TEE, AEE, total and awake activity incident to the stimulant medication |
| Konrad, Gunther, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, & Herpertz-Dahlmann, 2005 a | 44 (M = 37, F = 7) | 6 days | 8–12 (10.3 ± 1.9) | Yes | Actigraph/6 days | Attention Inhibitory control | Yes | I: Medication (low dose and high dose) C: Placebo |
Sig. effects of MPH on total errors in Sustained Attention Task and SSRT A sig. linear trend of MPH on Sustained Attention Task as well as a sig. quadratic trend for SSRT |
| Medina et al. (2010) a | 25 (M = 25) | 2 days | 7–15 US (9.3 ± 2.9) NUS (9.8 ± 2.4) | Yes | None | Sustained attention | Yes | I: 30-min treadmill exercise protocol C: 1-min stretching session |
No sig. differences on CPT between US and NUS samples Sig. faster Hit RT/Hit RT ISI change in the PA group than control Sig. lower perseverations in the PA group than control |
Note. I = intervention; ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; PA = physical activity; C = control; M = male; F = female; Sig. = significant; TEE = total energy expenditure; AEE = awake energy expenditure; EE = energy expenditure; MPH = methylphenidate; SSRT = stop-signal reaction time; US = methylphenidate users; NUS = nonmethylphenidate users; CPT = Conner’s Continuous Performance Test; RT = reaction time; ISI = interstimulus,
a.
Indicates study covered more than one domain and results of other domain are listed in their respective tables.