TABLE 3.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with leprosy and the results of univariate and multivariate risk factor analyses

Variable	n a	Resistant	Nonresistant	OR (95% Cl)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age (yrs), n (%)
>50b	462	8 (1.7)	454 (98.3)	0.74 (0.28–1.98)e	0.726	0.55 (0.08–3.32)	0.525
≤50	623	8 (1.3)	615 (98.7)
Sex, n (%)
Female	286	8 (2.79)	278 (97.21)	2.85 (1.06–7.65)e	0.060	2.21 (0.71–6.50)	0.147
Male	799	8 (1.00)	791 (99.00)
Region, n (%)
North	282	6 (2.13)	276 (97.87)	1.72 (0.62–4.79)c,e	0.441
Northeast	166	0 (0.00)	166 (100.00)		1.000
Southeast	368	5 (1.36)	363 (98.64)	0.88 (0.30–2.56)c,f	1.000
South	135	1 (0.74)	134 (99.26)	0.47 (0.06–3.55)c,f	0.708
Midwest	134	4 (2.99)	130 (97.01)	2.41 (0.77–7.58)c,f	0.124
Case, n (%)
Relapse	273	8 (2.93)	265 (97.07)	3.03 (1.13–8.16)d,e	0.043	8.12 (1.35–154.86)	0.054
Suspected treatment failure	491	7 (1.43)	484 (98.57)	0.94 (0.35–2.54)d,e	1.000	4.86 (0.84–91.71)	0.141
New case	321	1 (0.31)	320 (99.69)	0.16 (0.02–1.19)d,f	0.049
Clinical form, WHO, n (%)
Multibacillary	942	16 (1.70)	926 (98.30)		1.000
Paucibacillary	24	0 (0.00)	24 (100.00)
Reaction, n (%)
Yes	389	6 (1.54)	383 (98.46)	1.11 (0.38–3.24)e	1.000	0.93 (0.30–2.74)	0.899
No	577	8 (1.39)	569 (98.61)

^aAnalysis performed only with patients with the presence of M. leprae DNA detected by PCR. Data are expressed as absolute frequency (n) and percentage (%) with tailed P values for categorical variables, chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, and for numerical variables, Mann–Whitney U.

^bCutoff at 50 years old. Variables with low variability were dropped from the multivariate analysis.

^cCompared to all the others in the group.

^dCompared to all the others in the group.

^eCategorical variables determined by chi-square test.

^fCategorical variables determined by Fisher’s exact test.