Table 2.
Synthetic view of ER processes in PDT and CBT
| Psychodynamic therapy (PDT) | Emotion regulation processes | Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) | Emotion regulation processes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrapersonal level | Defence mechanisms (e.g., Cramer, 2008; Freud, 1926) | Implicit; both automatic (immature defences) and controlled (mature defences) | Coping strategies (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) | Explicit; controlled |
| Attachment-related internal working models (Bowlby, 1969) | Implicit; automatic | |||
| Interpersonal level | Therapeutic containment (Bion, 1962) and holding environment (Winnicott, 1949) | Extrinsic; implicit; automatic | ABC model (Dryden, 2012; Ellis & Dryden, 2007) | Extrinsic; explicit; controlle |
| Corrective emotional experience (Alexander & French, 1946) | Intrinsic, implicit; automatic | Avoidance-exposure therapeutic approach (Borkovec et al., 2004) | Extrinsic; explicit; controlled | |
| Attachment-related earned security (Roisman et al., 2002) | Extrinsic; implicit; automatic | Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (Hayes et al., 1999; Segal et al., 2002) | Extrinsic; explicit; controlled | |
| Therapeutic alliance (Sterba, 1934) | Extrinsic, with both implicit and explicit components, as well as automatic and controlled ones | Therapeutic alliance (Castonguay, 2010) | Extrinsic, with both implicit and explicit components, as well as automatic and controlled ones |