| Neuropsychiatric features |
Mood disorders: depressive, mixed, hypomanic, and manic episode, even associated to psychotic symptoms. Psychotic symptoms: hallucinations (visual, auditory, gustatory, somatosensory, olfactory, autoscopic, hypnopompic, hypnagogic, simple, complex, bizarre, misinterpretation, illusions and pareidolias) and delusions (simple, structured, complex, bizarre, specific). Irritability, nervousness, emotional dysregulation, emotional lability, aggressiveness, lack of impulse control, regressive behaviors and behavioral disinhibition. Anxiety and panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum symptoms. Personality disorders. Cognitive and psychomotor impairment: memory and attention deficit, delirium, confusion, delirious mania, akinetic catatonia, agitated catatonia, etc.
|
| Neurological and somatic symptoms |
Parkinsonism, movement disorders, rigidity, bradykinesia, impaired coordination, ataxia, dysarthria, tremor, vertigo. Seizures, stroke, hemiparesis, paresis, headache, syncope, orthostatic hypotension.
|
| Neuroradiological findings |
Bilateral symmetrical calcifications of basal ganglia and dentate nucleus Other sites of calcifications: thalamus, centrum semi-ovale, cerebellum, cerebral white matter, Asymmetric calcification in multiple brain areas (intra-axial and extra-axial).
|
| Differential diagnosis of brain calcifications |
Intra-axial calcifications (basal ganglia, cerebellum): neoplastic formations (oligodendrogliomas, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, metastatic tumors), vascular disorders (angiomatous and arteriovenous malformations, dystrophic calcification in chronic infarction, chronic vasculitis, aneurysms), infections (TORCH, tuberculosis, neurocysticercosis, cerebral hydatid cyst disease, HIV), congenital causes (Sturge-Weber syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, lipomas, neurofibromatosis), endocrine/metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism). Extra-axial calcifications: meningiomas, Dural osteomas, calcifying tumours, abnormal physiological calcifications.
|
