Table 4.

EM for OPU in NWR conservation efforts.

	Wellbeing	Autonomy	Fairness
Biodiversity	Conservation • NWR has a historical-naturalistic value. • NWR has an ecological value. • Cryobanking is a good conservation strategy per se (collect now or regret later). • Refining through application the OPU procedure may open new ways for the conservation of other taxa. • Incidents or complications during the procedure could damage the image of the project and of conservation ARTs in general.	Freedom from human intervention • Conservation ART may be deemed a technofix. • Conservation ART may lead to moral hazard. • Conservation ART may be deemed hubristic.	Equal treatment in relation to conservation • Charismatic animals like rhinoceros receive a disproportionate amount of attention. • However, conservation of the NWR could benefit the conservation of other less charismatic species. • The opportunity costs of the project do not fall on more traditional conservation efforts, including conservation of other rhino taxa.
Rhino females subjected to the procedure	Health and functioning. Absence of negative affective states and allowance of positive ones • Some aspects of the procedure may harm the animals according to these dimensions of welfare. More specifically: ovarian superstimulation, anesthesia, transrectal puncture all bear a possible risk of side-effects.	Living natural lives and species-specific behaviors • The procedure increases the possibility for some of the animals involved to express social behaviors currently not accessible.	Equal treatment in relation to welfare • The animals involved are treated like a means for the conservation of their taxon. • However, they receive extra veterinary screening and care.
People	Psychological and physiological welfare • Affective value for people caring for the animals. Sustainable social, economical, and cultural welfare • Economic value of the animals. • Ecotourism.	Capacity to exercise the various fundamental aspects of one's own persona • The procedure is an opportunity for professional growth, knowledge transfer, and capacity building. • NWR may have eudaimonistic (aesthetic, scientific, and reverential) value for people. • NWR may have transformative value for people. • NWR may have existential value for people.	Equal and fair treatment • Costs and benefits of the procedure should be distributed equally, and compensation given whenever this is not possible.