FIGURE 6.

BnRALF10 elicited various immune responses. (A) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) measured in oilseed rape leaf disk assay after addition with 1 μM BnRALF10 peptide or water (Mock). Shown are the dynamics of ROS production (left) and their total amount (right) as mean values of total photon counts over 60 min. Data are shown as the mean ± SE (n = 6–8, ^***P ≤ 0.001, Student’s t-test). RLU, relative light units. All experiments were repeated three times with similar results. (B) Dynamics in [Ca²⁺]_cyt stimulated by 1 μM BnRALF10 peptide in Arabidopsis. The 5-day-old seedlings expressing Aequorin gene were treated with solutions containing 1 μM BnRALF10 peptide or mock. Signals were recorded for 8 min after treatment. Data are shown as the mean ± SE (n = 8). (C) MAPK activation induced by BnRALF10. Seven-day-old seedlings were exposed to 1 μM BnRALF10 peptide for 5, 10, 20 or 30 min. Western blot analysis was performed with the phospho-p44/42 MAPK antibody. Ponceau S was used as loading control. (D) Transcription of defense responsive genes in B. napus leaves treated with 1 μM BnRALF10 for 1 h. Data are shown as the mean ± SE (n = 3, *P ≤ 0.05, ^**P ≤ 0.01, Student’s t-test). n.s., not significant.