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Schematic of the IL-23 pathway. Following activation by innate immune cells, IL-23, in combination with TGFβ, IL-6, IL-21, and IL-1β, influences differentiation of naïve T cells into Th17 cells. These, in turn, produce several inflammatory cytokines, including IL17A and IL17F [which themselves produce TNFα, IFNγ, GM-CSF, and inflammatory chemokines], IL-22, and IL-21.
