Table 3.

Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) of evidence.

	Quality Assessment					Certainty in outcomes
	Risk of bias	Imprecision	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Publication bias
Medial Branch Blocks
Accuracy of injection	Moderate risk of bias primarily from selection bias	Imprecision because of relatively small sample sizes	Some inconsistency from lack of a priori statistics	Some concern of indirectness because of a specialized skill set required to perform the procedure that may not be widely available	Moderate risk given results that studies nearly universally favor US-guided MBB as feasible and many studies with only a single proceduralist	Low
Procedure time	Moderate risk of bias primarily from selection bias	Imprecision because of relatively small sample sizes	High inconsistency from lack of a priori statistics	Some concern of indirectness because of a specialized skill set required to perform the procedure that may not be widely available	Moderate risk given many studies with only a single proceduralist	Very low
Facet Joint Injections
Accuracy of injection	Moderate risk of bias primarily from selection bias	Imprecision because of relatively small sample sizes	Some inconsistency from lack of a priori statistics	Some concern of indirectness because of a specialized skill set required to perform the procedure that may not be widely available	Moderate risk given results that nearly universally favor US-guided FJI as feasible and many studies with only a single proceduralist	Low
Procedure time	Moderate risk of bias primarily from selection bias	Imprecision because of relatively small sample sizes	High inconsistency from variability of effects and lack of a priori statistics	Some concern of indirectness because of a specialized skill set required to perform the procedure that may not be widely available	Moderate risk given many studies with only a single proceduralist	Very low