FIGURE 4.

Proteomic analysis implicates TIC-stimulated reactive astrocytes interaction with peripheral immune cells and neurotoxic biological processes. (A) Schematic of proteomic analysis workflow performed with TIC-induced reactive versus unstimulated astrocytes. (B) Principal component analysis using top 10% most variable proteins displays clustering of unstimulated and TIC-stimulated astrocytes. (C) Volcano plot of differentially expressed proteins. Proteomic analysis further validated the six markers identified through flow cytometry screen, which are highlighted. For significance threshold, P-value < 0.05 and z-scores > 2 were used. (D) Heatmap of top 10% most variable proteins in TIC-induced reactive versus unstimulated astrocytes. (E) Pathway enrichment analysis using 601 differentially expressed proteins highlights biological processes involved in immune response and inflammatory cascades.