Table 1.
Patient Demographic, Clinical, and Treatment Characteristics at Baseline
| Patient characteristics (N = 66) | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Female | 27 (41%) |
| Male | 39 (59%) |
| Age, median (range) | 47 (20–77) |
| Race | |
| White | 57 (86%) |
| Black/African American | 3 (5%) |
| Asian | 2 (3%) |
| American Indian/Native Alaskan | 1 (2%) |
| Missing data | 3 (5%) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 9 (14%) |
| Karnofsky performance status (KPS) | |
| ≤80 (Poor) | 18 (27%) |
| 60 | 5 (8%) |
| 70 | 4 (6%) |
| 80 | 9 (14%) |
| ≥90 (Good) | 48 (73%) |
| 90 | 26 (39%) |
| 100 | 22 (33%) |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |
| Normal weight (18 ≤ BMI < 25) | 25 (38%) |
| Overweight (26 ≤ BMI < 29) | 14 (21%) |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 27 (41%) |
| Patient group | |
| Newly diagnoseda | 19 (29%) |
| Recurrenceb | 18 (27%) |
| Long-term survivorsc | 29 (44%) |
| Treatment phase | |
| Newly diagnosed | 19 (29%) |
| On treatment | 25 (38%) |
| In follow-up | 22 (33%) |
| WHO tumor grade | |
| I | 1 (2%) |
| II | 14 (22%) |
| III | 18 (27%) |
| IV | 33 (50%) |
| Tumor type d | |
| Glioblastoma (Grade IV) | 31 (47%) |
| Astrocytoma (Grade I, II, or III) | 20 (30%) |
| Oligodendroglioma (Grade II or III) | 7 (11%) |
| Othere | 8 (12%) |
| Tumor location f | |
| Frontal lobe | 26 (40%) |
| Temporal lobe | 22 (34%) |
| Parietal/occipital lobe | 11 (17%) |
| Multiple lobes involved | 6 (9%) |
| Medication use | |
| Corticosteroid | 23 (35%) |
| Dexamethasone | 22 (96%) |
| Prednisone | 1 (4%) |
| Anticonvulsant | 52 (79%) |
| Levetiracetam | 30 (58%) |
| Otherd | 22 (42%) |
| Tumor recurrence | |
| Yes | 29 (45%) |
| No | 36 (55%) |
aPatients within one month of a diagnostic neurosurgical procedure or diagnostic neuroimaging if surgical intervention could not be performed.
bPatients who had experienced a recurrence and were initiated on a new treatment regimen.
cPatients who were at least three years from their initial diagnostic neurosurgical procedure in which a primary brain tumor diagnosis was made.
dTumor type is according to the WHO 2016 classification of central nervous system tumors.
e“Other” tumor types represented in this patient cohort include: oligoastrocytoma, gliosarcoma, diffuse glioma, high-grade glioma, infiltrating glioma, and pilocytic astrocytoma. “Other” anticonvulsants include: phenytoin (2), carbamazepine (1), sodium valproate (3), phenobarbital (1), lamotrigine (1), and other (18).
fAdditionally, 1 patient had a tumor in the corpus callosum.