Table 1.

Sex-moderated elimination capacity, toxicity, and efficacy of various anticancer drugs

Drug/Regimen	Pharmacokinetics		Toxicity		Efficacy
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
5-Fluorouracil	Higher clearance (26)
5-FU + LV (27)				Higher
5-FU + XX (6 NGCCT trials) (28)				Higher
Adjuvant FOLFIRI (PETACC-3) (29)				Higher
Adjuvant FOLFOX/CAPOX/FOLFIRI (ACCENT database) (30)				Higher
First line FOLFIRI/FOLFOX (ARCAD database) (31)				Higher		No difference in OS, PFS
First-line FOLFIRINOX (prospective trial) (32)				Higher		Higher OS
First-line FOLFIRI + bevacizumab/FOLFOX + bevacizumab/FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab (TRIBE trials) (33)				Higher		No difference in ORR, PFS
First-line FOLFOX + bevacizumab (SOFT trial) (34)				Higher		No difference in OS, PFS
Capecitabine
Adjuvant capecitabine (BILCAP trial) (35)				Higher	Higher OS
Paclitaxel	20% higher elimination (19)
First-line paclitaxel + carboplatin (36)				Higher		Higher PFS
Oxaliplatin
First-line S-1 + oxaliplatin (G-SOX trial) (37)				Higher		No difference in OS, PFS
First-line (?) S-1 + oxaliplatin + bevacizumab (SOFT trial) (34)				Higher		No difference in OS, PFS
Cisplatin
Cisplatin-based therapy (prospective) (38)				Higher
First-line ECF, ECX, EOF, EOX (4 UKNCRI trials) (39)				Higher		Higher OS
First-line S-1 + cisplatin (G-SOX trial) (37)						No difference in OS, PFS
First-line cisplatin-based therapy (ECOG 1594 trial) (40)				Higher		Higher OS and PFS
Doxorubicin	Higher clearance (21)			Higher (41-44)
Irinotecan
First-line FOLFIRI + bevacizumab (XELAVIRI trial) (45)			No difference		Higher OS and ORR
Temozolomide
Retrospective data (46)						Higher ORR
Adjuvant temozolomide (repository data) (47)						Higher OS

Abbreviations: ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.