Table 4.
Age of arrival in Sweden <20 or ≥20 (order: effect size)
| Arrival < 20 years of age (n = 22) | Arrival ≥20 years of age (n = 63) | Effect size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | T | Mean (SD) | T | p | (Hedges’ g) | |
| Stroop Victoria 1 | 16.2 (4.6) | 39.1 | 21 (5.6) | 20.9 | <.001 | 0.9 |
| Animal Naming | 21.5 (5.7) | 43.8 | 16.7 (5.4) | 35.9 | .002 | 0.9 |
| BNT (CAB) | 23.9 (5.6) | 36.0 | 19.7 (5.1) | 16.7 | .004 | 0.8 |
| Stroop Victoria 2 | 21.8 (4.7) | 37.4 | 26.3 (6.4) | 24.7 | .001 | 0.7 |
| MEMO direct verbatim | 5.9 (3.2) | 46.8 | 4.2 (2.5) | 41.1 | .035 | 0.6 |
| MEMO direct synonym | 7.7 (3.7) | 44.8 | 6.3 (2.9) | 40.2 | .127 | 0.5 |
| MEMO delayed verbatim | 7.2 (3.8) | 46.1 | 5.9 (3.1) | 42.1 | .149 | 0.4 |
| MEMO delayed synonym | 10.1 (4.5) | 45.6 | 8.8 (3.2) | 41.8 | .236 | 0.4 |
| RCF strategy (A1, B2, C3) | 1.7 (0.8) | 55.5 | 1.4 (0.6) | 50.6 | .120 | 0.4 |
| COWAT FAS | 31.2 (10.9) | 41.4 | 27.1 (11.5) | 38.1 | .144 | 0.4 |
| PASMO** | 91.9 (39.8) | 42.6 | 110.2 (48.1) | 35.5 | .250 | 0.4 |
| TMT B** | 103.2 (42.1) | 42.7 | 129.9 (76.3) | 33.5 | .060 | 0.4 |
| SDMT (CAB) errors | 0.6 (0.9) | 49.1 | 1.1 (1.6) | 43.9 | .070 | 0.3 |
| Token Test (CAB) | 4.5 (1.6) | 30.8 | 3.9 (1.9) | 20.1 | .128 | 0.3 |
| Stroop Victoria 3 | 33.1 (10.9) | 38.2 | 36.3 (12.5) | 33.0 | .254 | 0.3 |
| RCF recognition | 20.2 (2.2) | 48.9 | 19.6 (2.6) | 45.9 | .304 | 0.2 |
| RCF copy | 31.7 (4.6) | 44.9 | 32.2 (4) | 46.6 | .657 | 0.1 |
| RCF copy time | 221.1 (110.6) | 45.9 | 211.1 (94.5) | 47.1 | .707 | 0.1 |
| RCF immediate | 18.2 (7.6) | 48.0 | 17.5 (5.9) | 46.7 | .703 | 0.1 |
| TMT A | 44.8 (13.7) | 42.8 | 46.6 (18.3) | 41.4 | .634 | 0.1 |
| SDMT (CAB) correct | 37.2 (10.4) | 42.9 | 37.4 (8.1) | 43.2 | .915 | 0.0 |
| RCF delayed | 17.6 (7) | 47.9 | 17.4 (6.5) | 47.6 | .934 | 0.0 |
| Mean T-score | 43.2 | 38.0 | ||||
| Demographic analysis | ||||||
| % Women | 68.2% | 46.0% | .071^ | |||
| Age | 61.3 (3.9) | 61.0 (3.4) | .758 | 0.1 | ||
| Education | 12.3 (4.2) | 13.3 (3.2) | .293 | 0.3 | ||
| Clock drawing | 4.8 (0.4) | 4.8 (0.4) | .810 | 0.0 | ||
| Age of arrival to Sweden | 14.7 (5.5) | 30.3 (8.1) | <.001 | 2.1 | ||
| Years of Swedish residency | 46.6 (5.0) | 30.6 (8.9) | <.001 | 1.9 | ||
Note: BNT = Boston naming test; CAB = cognitive assessment battery; COWAT = controlled oral word association, letters F, A, S; TMT = trail making test; PASMO = parallel serial mental operations; ** = < 90% test administration (Discussion); MEMO = short story memory test; SDMT = symbol digit modalities test; RCF = Rey complex figure test; ^ = Chi square; T = T-score (mean 50, SD 10). All (n = 237) native speakers’ scores used for norms.