Table 1 –
Demographics and clinical information for the robust group (RG) and prefrail/frail group (FG).
| No./total no. (%), by group |
P-value | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RG (n = 42) | FG (n = 60) | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 74.79 ± 6.64 | 76.57 ± 8.00 | 0.085 | - |
| Female, n (%) | 34/42 (81.0) | 39/60 (65.0) | 0.079 | 2.288 (0.898–5.830) |
| Height, m | 162.09 ± 7.34 | 164.90 ± 10.77 | 0.230 | - |
| Weight, kg | 66.77 ± 12.21 | 78.61 ± 19.95 | 0.001* | - |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.40 ± 4.23 | 28.70 ± 5.79 | <0.0001* | - |
| Clinical information | ||||
| Frailty phenotype, units on a scale | 0 | 1.68 ± 0.79 | - | - |
| Presence of slowness, n (%) | 0(0) | 31/60 (51.67) | - | - |
| Presence of weakness, n (%) | 0(0) | 20/60 (33.33) | - | - |
| Presence of exhaustion, n (%) | 0(0) | 23/60 (38.33) | - | - |
| Presence of weight loss, n (%) | 0(0) | 8/60 (13.33) | - | - |
| Presence of low physical activity, n (%) | 0(0) | 19/60 (31.67) | - | - |
| Fall incidence in last 12 mo, % | 12/34 (35.3) | 22/43 (51.2) | 0.164 | 0.521 (0.207–1.311) |
| Use of walking aida | 3/35 (8.6) | 18/43 (41.9) | 0.001* | 0.130 (0.034–0.492) |
| Daily prescribed medications, n | 2.63 ± 1.72 | 4.81 ± 4.10 | 0.019* | - |
| Cognitive function (MMSE), score | 29.15 ± 1.18 | 28.81 ± 1.36 | 0.144 | - |
| Concern for fall (FES-I), score | 20.54 ± 3.77 | 29.45 ± 9.64 | <0.0001* | - |
| High concern (≥28) | 2/41 (4.9) | 30/56 (53.6) | <0.0001* | 0.044 (0.010–0.202) |
| Depression (CES-D), score | 6.45 ± 5.82 | 8.91 ± 7.18 | 0.098 | - |
| Depressed (≥16) | 4/42 (9.5) | 12/56 (21.4) | 0.115 | 0.386 (0.115–1.297) |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or n (%).
The asterisk symbol represents a significant difference between the groups.
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; FES-I = Fall Efficacy Scale-International; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression.
a
Canes and walkers.