Table 1.
Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristic | All ICU decedents | ICU decedents with completed surveys | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survey not completed (N = 715) |
Survey completed (N = 314) |
p value | 3WP (N = 117) |
Usual care (N = 197) |
p value | |
| Patient whose care included the 3WP, N (%) | 264 (36.9%) | 117 (37.3%) | 0.918 | |||
| Age at death (years), median (IQR) | 66 (53–77) | 69 (59–78) | 0.002 | 69 (57–75) | 70 (61–79) | 0.024 |
| Gender, female, N (%) | 320 (44.8%) | 147 (46.8%) | 0.480 | 64 (54.7%) | 83 (42.1%) | 0.031 |
| Marital status, married, N (%) | 385 (53.8%) | 179 (57.0%) | 0.348 | 72 (61.5%) | 107 (54.3%) | 0.211 |
| Race/ethnicity, non-Hispanic white, N (%) | 269 (38.1%) | 160 (51.3%) | < 0.001 | 44 (37.6%) | 116 (59.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Language, English, N (%) | 564 (78.9%) | 269 (85.7%) | 0.011 | 96 (82.1%) | 173 (87.8%) | 0.159 |
| Insurance, public, N (%) | 508 (71.0%) | 218 (69.4%) | 0.599 | 76 (65.0%) | 142 (72.1%) | 0.185 |
| ICU | 0.135 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Mixed surgical and medical ICU, N (%) | 197 (27.6%) | 80 (25.5%) | 26 (22.2%) | 54 (27.4%) | ||
| Medical ICU, N (%) | 216 (30.2%) | 95 (30.3%) | 57 (48.7%) | 38 (19.3%) | ||
| Neurocritical care unit, N (%) | 74 (10.3%) | 38 (12.1%) | 6 (5.1%) | 32 (16.2%) | ||
| Cardiac care unit, N (%) | 38 (5.3%) | 29 (9.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 29 (14.7%) | ||
| Cardiothoracic ICU, N (%) | 83 (11.6%) | 26 (8.3%) | 15 (12.8%) | 11 (5.6%) | ||
| Liver transplant surgical ICU, N (%) | 107 (15.0%) | 46 (14.6%) | 13 (11.1%) | 33 (16.8%) | ||
| COVID-19 infection, N (%) | 112 (15.7%) | 43 (13.7%) | 0.416 | 31 (26.5%) | 12 (6.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 9 (3–19) | 9 (3–21) | 0.488 | 14 (5–25) | 7 (2–17) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA on ICU admission, median (IQR) | 7 (4–9) | 7 (4–9) | 0.783 | 8 (4–9) | 5 (4–9) | 0.061 |
| Palliative care consultation, N (%) | 252 (35.2%) | 104 (33.1%) | 0.510 | 34 (29.1%) | 70 (35.5%) | 0.239 |
| Advance directive or POLST document available in EHR, N (%) | 201 (28.1%) | 113 (36.0%) | 0.012 | 38 (32.5%) | 75 (38.1%) | 0.318 |
| Mechanical ventilation, N (%) | 562 (78.6%) | 241 (76.8%) | 0.509 | 91 (77.8%) | 150 (76.1%) | 0.740 |
| Vasopressors, N (%) | 524 (73.3%) | 211 (67.2%) | 0.046 | 61 (52.1%) | 150 (76.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Dialysis, N (%) | 124 (17.3%) | 37 (11.8%) | 0.024 | 12 (10.3%) | 25 (12.7%) | 0.518 |
ICU intensive care unit, 3WP 3 Wishes Program, IQR interquartile range, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, POLST Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment, EHR electronic health record