. 2022 Jan 30;107(6):e2221–e2236. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac034

Table 4.

Nephropathy results

Study	Study size, No.	Population + age, y	Diabetes duration, y	Mean HbA_1c, %	Duration of CGM trace, d	Findings
Šoupal et al (2014) (28) cross-sectional	32	T1D	19.5 ± 5.5	8.6 ± 0.9	12-14	Microalbuminuria associated with higher
		41.5 ± 11.5				• SD: 4.3 ± 0.5 vs 3.6 ± 0.8 mmol/L, P = .04^a
						• CV: 0.46 ± 0.1 vs 0.39 ± 0.1 mmol/L, P = .02^a
						• MAGE: 7.5 ± 0.9 vs 6.1 ± 1.2 mmol/L, P = .01^a
Jin et al (2015) (29) cross-sectional	173	T2D	10.9 (6-16)	8.2 ± 3.7	3	Macroalbuminuria associated with higher
		56.7 ± 8.4				• SD: OR = 1.04 ± 0.04, P = .03^b
						• MAGE: OR = 1.01 ± 0.01, P = .04^a
Kuroda et al (2020) (30) longitudinal	281	T2D	13 (7-23)	6.9 (6.5-7.5)	10	Albumin-creatinine ratio associated with reduced TIR: β = –0.10, P = .04^b
		68 (62-71)
Magri et al (2018) (31) cross-sectional	121	T2D	3 (2-5)	6.8 (6.3-7.6)	3	Albuminuria not associated with TBR, TIR, or TAR
		64 (57-68)
Yokota et al (2019) (32) cross-sectional	100	T2D	10 (0.1-42)	8.5 ± 1.9	3	Lower eGFR associated with high (≥ 35.9) SD: 66.2 ± 22.8 vs 78.8 ± 25.9, P = .01^a
		60 ± 14
Yoo et al (2020) (33) cross-sectional	866	T2D	13.1 ± 8.6	8.2 ± 1.5	3	Albuminuria risk associated with
		58.5 ± 10.3				• 10% lower TIR: OR = 0.94 (0.88-0.99), P = .04^b
						• 10% higher TAR > 180 mg/dL: OR = 1.07 (1.01-1.19), P = .03^b
						• 10% higher TAR > 250 mg/dL: OR = 1.10 (1.01-1.20), P = .03^b

Values expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).

Abbreviations: CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; CV, coefficient of variation for glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin A_1c; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; SD, SD of blood glucose levels; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TAR, time above range; TBR, time below range; TIR, time in range.

^aUnivariable analysis.

^bMultivariable analysis.