Table 6.
Peripheral neuropathy results
| Study | Study size, No. | Population + age, y | Diabetes duration, y | Mean HbA1c, % | Duration of CGM trace, d | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kwai et al (2016) (39) cross-sectional | 17 | T1D | Not recorded | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 6 | Multiple measures of abnormal motor and sensory axonal function associated with MAGE |
| 28.6 ± 1.5 | ||||||
| • Super excitability: r = 0.54, P = .04 | ||||||
| • S2 accommodation: r = –0.76, P < .01 | ||||||
| • Minimum current threshold (I/V) slope: r = 0.71, P < .01 | ||||||
| • Strength duration time constant: r = 0.66, P < .01 | ||||||
| • Latency: r = 0.65, P < .01 | ||||||
| Šoupal et al (2014) (28) cross-sectional | 32 | T1D | 19.5 ± 5.5 | 8.6 ± 0.9 | 12-14 | Impaired vibration perception threshold associated with SD: r = 0.51, P < .01 |
| 41.5 ± 11.5 | ||||||
| Kuroda et al (2020) (30) longitudinal | 281 | T2D | 13 (7-23) | 6.9 (6.5-7.5) | 10 | Peripheral neuropathy an explanatory factor for TIR: β = –0.11, P = .03b |
| 68 (62-71) | ||||||
| Li et al (2020) (40) cross-sectional | 740 | T2D | 10.7 ± 7.5 | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 3 | Abnormal nerve conduction study markers negatively associated with highest TIR tertile |
| 60.2 ± 12.8 | ||||||
| • Lower risk of slowing conduction velocity: OR = 0.26(0.18-0.40), P < .01b | ||||||
| • Lower risk of amplitude reduction: OR = 0.60(0.41-0.88), P = .01b | ||||||
| • Higher rate of reduced latency: OR = 1.71(1.16-2.53), P = .01b | ||||||
| Mayeda et al (2020) (41) cross-sectional | 105 | T2D | 19.1 ± 10.0 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 12 | Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire score ≥ 2 associated with 10% reduction in TIR: OR = 1.25 (1.02-1.52), P = .03b |
| 67.1 ± 10.0 | ||||||
| Peripheral neuropathy associated with | ||||||
| • TAR: OR = 1.24 (1.03-1.50), P = .02b | ||||||
| • 1% increase in GMI: OR = 1.79 (1.05-3.04), P = .03b | ||||||
| Peripheral neuropathy not associated with 6% increase in CVa | ||||||
| Hu et al (2018) (42) cross-sectional | 982 | T2D | 5.2 (4.2-8.0) | 9.9 ± 1.3 | 3 | Peripheral neuropathy associated with |
| 55.1 ± 10.9 | • SD: OR = 3.71 (2.61-5.28), P < .01a | |||||
| • MAGE: OR = 4.57 (3.48-6.10), P < .01b | ||||||
| Xu et al (2014) (43) cross-sectional | 90 | T2D | 5.5 (2-8.5) | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 3 | Peripheral neuropathy associated with: |
| 59.3 ± 7.5 | • SD: OR = 2.95 (1.55-5.61), P < .01a | |||||
| • MAGE: OR = 2.05 (1.36-3.09), P < .01b |
Values expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; CV, coefficient of variation for glucose; GMI, Glucose Management Index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; SD, SD of blood glucose levels; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TAR, time above range; TIR, time in range;
a Univariable analysis.
b Multivariable analysis.