Table 1.
Demographics of admissions in patients with and without insulin pump use
| All type 1 diabetes, n (%) | Pump nonuser, n (%) | Pump user, n (%) | P-valuea | Pump failure, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 228 474 (100) | 212 634 (100) | 15 871 (100) | 3179 (100) | |
| Age, years | <0.001 | ||||
| 0-5 | 16 553 (7.3) | 15 939 (7.5) | 615 (3.9) | 90 (2.8) | |
| 6-10 | 33 254 (14.6) | 31 148 (14.6) | 2107 (13.3) | 543 (17.1) | |
| 11-15 | 63 986 (28.0) | 58 910 (27.7) | 5076 (32.0) | 1100 (34.6) | |
| 16-20 | 113 801 (49.7) | 105 742 (49.8) | 8059 (50.7) | 1444 (45.5) | |
| Unknown | 879 (0.4) | 865 (0.4) | 15 (0.1) | <10 (0.0) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | ||||
| Male | 101 131(44.3) | 94 420 (44.5) | 6712 (42.3) | 1423 (44.8) | |
| Female | 125 949 (55.1) | 116 810 (54.9) | 9139 (57.6) | 1746 (54.9) | |
| Unknown | 1394 (0.6) | 1373 (0.6) | 21 (0.1) | <10 (0.3) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 116 679(51.1) | 105 997 (49.9) | 10 682 (67.4) | 2029 (63.9) | |
| Black | 37 815 (16.6) | 36 524 (17.2) | 1291 (8.1) | 279 (8.8) | |
| Hispanic | 27 261 (11.9) | 26 061 (12.3) | 1200 (7.6) | 293 (9.2) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 2304 (1.0) | 2200 (1.0) | 103 (0.6) | 26 (0.8) | |
| Native American | 1424 (0.6) | 1369 (0.6) | 55 (0.3) | 11 (0.3) | |
| Other/unknown | 42 991 (18.8) | 40 452 (19.0) | 2540 (16.0) | 541 (17.0) | |
| Payer | <0.001 | ||||
| Private | 103 990(45.5) | 94 361 (44.4) | 9629 (60.6) | 1917 (60.3) | |
| Public | 96 780(42.4) | 91 850 (43.2) | 4930 (31.1) | 1011 (31.8) | |
| Self-pay or no charge | 14 821(6.5) | 14 384 (6.7) | 437 (2.8) | 68 (2.1) | |
| Other/unknown | 12 883(5.6) | 12 008 (5.7) | 876 (5.5) | 183 (5.8) | |
| Urbanicity | <0.001 | ||||
| Nonurban areas | 41 519 (18.2) | 38 185 (18.0) | 3334 (21.0) | 659 (20.8) | |
| Urban areas | 185 284(81.1) | 172 832 (81.3) | 12 452 (78.5) | 2500 (78.6) | |
| Unknown | 1672 (0.7) | 1585 (0.7) | 86 (0.5) | 19 (0.6) | |
| Household income | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 68 875(30.1) | 65 192 (30.7) | 3683 (23.2) | <0.001 | 789 (24.9) |
| Quartile 2 | 57 995 (25.5) | 53 925 (25.4) | 4070 (25.6) | 776 (24.4) | |
| Quartile 3 | 52 860(23.1) | 48 764 (22.9) | 4096 (25.9) | 780 (24.5) | |
| Quartile 4 | 44 441(19.4) | 40 696 (19.1) | 3745 (23.6) | 766 (24.1) | |
| Unknown | 4303 (1.9) | 44 026 (1.9) | 277 (1.7) | 68 (2.1) | |
| Region of hospital | <0.001 | ||||
| Northeast | 35 451 (15.5) | 32 898 (15.5) | 2553 (16.1) | 526 (16.5) | |
| Midwest | 57 517(25.2) | 52 968 (24.9) | 4549 (28.7) | 832 (26.2) | |
| South | 86 811(38.0) | 81 476 (38.3) | 5335 (33.6) | 1125 (35.4) | |
| West | 48 695(21.3) | 45 261 (21.3) | 3434 (21.6) | 695 (21.9) | |
| Hospital type | <0.001 | ||||
| Government | 24 682 (10.8) | 23 028 (10.8) | 1654 (10.4) | 369 (11.6) | |
| Private | 159 358 (69.8) | 146 688 (69.0) | 12 669 (79.8) | 2409 (75.8) | |
| Unknown | 44 435(19.4) | 42 887 (20.2) | 1548 (9.8) | 401 (12.6) | |
| Bed size | |||||
| Small | 27 183 (11.9) | 25 376 (11.9) | 1807 (11.4) | 0.011 | 369 (11.6) |
| Medium | 56 298 (24.7) | 52 378 (24.6) | 3920 (24.7) | 719 (22.6) | |
| Large | 138 091(60.4) | 128 240 (60.4) | 9851 (62.1) | 2027 (63.8) | |
| Unknown | 6903 (3.0) | 6609 (3.1) | 293 (1.8) | 64 (2.0) | |
| Year | |||||
| 2006 | 53 510 (23.4) | 51 710 (24.3) | 1811 (11.4) | <0.001 | 468 (14.7) |
| 2009 | 57 095 (25.0) | 53 893 (25.3) | 3202 (20.2) | 720 (22.6) | |
| 2012 | 58 581 (25.7) | 53 988 (25.4) | 4593 (28.9) | 914 (28.8) | |
| 2016 | 59 288 (25.9) | 53 023 (24.9) | 6265 (39.5) | 1076 (33.9) |
a P-value is noted for difference between pump user and nonpump user group.