Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all subjects, divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of a fragility fracture during a 5-years follow-up period
| Characteristics | All/total n (%) | Any fracture | No fracture | Coefficient | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 70.1 ± 6.4/3560 | 72.2 ± 6.65 | 69.8 ± 6.3 | 0.05 | 1.05 (1.04-1.06) | <0.0001 |
| Age, 68-75 years | 1233/3560 (34.6) | 151 (36.83) | 1082 (34.3) | 0.29 | 1.33 (1.09-1.64) | 0.01 |
| Age, >75 years | 923/3560 (25.9) | 151 (36.83) | 772 (24.5) | 0.72 | 2.06 (1.67-2.55) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.9 ± 4.8/ 3560 | 25.6 ± 4.7 | 26 ± 4.8 | -0.02 | 0.98 (0.97-0.99) | 0.04 |
| BMI (<20 kg/m2) | 342/3560 (9.6) | 47 (11.5) | 295 (9.4) | 0.20 | 1.22 (0.97-1.54) | 0.10 |
| History of fracture | 958/3533 (27.1) | 167 (40.9) | 791 (25.3) | 0.61 | 1.84 (1.59-2.14) | <0.0001 |
| History of fall | 702/3531 (19.9) | 105 (25.8) | 597 (19.1) | 0.36 | 1.44 (1.21-1.70) | <0.0001 |
| Corticosteroids use | 273/3537 (7.7) | 41 (10.1) | 232 (7.4) | 0.24 | 1.28 (0.99-1.64) | 0.06 |
| Parental hip fracture | 462/3451(13.4) | 56 (14.1) | 406 (13.3) | 0.12 | 1.12 (0.91-1.38) | 0.28 |
| Comorbiditiesa | 424/3560 (11.9) | 60 (14.6) | 364 (11.6) | 0.22 | 1.24 (1.01-1.53) | 0.04 |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 198/3537 (5.6) | 38 (9.3) | 160 (5.1) | 0.23 | 1.26 (0.95-1.68) | 0.12 |
| Sleep disturbances | 1833/3500 (52.4) | 216 (53.6) | 1617 (52.1) | 0.13 | 1.14 (0.97-1.32) | 0.08 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 38/3560 (1.1) | 8 (2) | 30 (1) | 0.45 | 1.57 (0.87-2.82) | 0.14 |
| Education level (<9 years) | 1280/3537 (36.2) | 154 (37.8) | 1126 (35.9) | -0.03 | 0.98 (0.84-1.13) | 0.74 |
| Excessive alcohol intake (≥3 units) | 274/3535 (7.8) | 37 (9.1) | 237 (7.6) | 0.05 | 1.05 (0.80-1.38) | 0.71 |
| Smoking | 400/3537 (11.3) | 53 (13) | 347 (11.1) | 0.17 | 1.18 (0.95-1.47) | 0.13 |
| Early non-substituted menopause | 201/3549 (5.7) | 25 (6.1) | 176 (5.6) | 0.14 | 1.16 (0.86-1.55) | 0.34 |
| Osteoporosis | 475/3498 (13.6) | 95 (23.2) | 380 (12.1) | 1.10 | 2.99 (2.39-3.74) | <0.0001 |
| Osteopenia | 1895/3498 (54.2) | 224 (54.6) | 1671 (53.1) | 0.53 | 1.69 (1.40-2.04) | <0.0001 |
Values are given as mean ± SD or n (%).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HR, hazard ratio.
aComorbidities are described in the Methods section.