Table 2.
Laboratory statistics of COVID-19 patients in Tehran.
| Variables | Total (n = 5318) | Survivor (n = 4204) | Deceased (n = 1112) | Cramer's V/Eta | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC (×103/μL) | — | 7.3 (5.2, 10.5) | 6.9 (5.0, 9.7) | 9.1 (6.2, 13.2) | 0.17 | <0.001 |
| Lymphs (%) | — | 15.6 (10.0, 24.9) | 17.9 (11.0, 25.4) | 10.1 (7.1, 17.1) | 0.22 | <0.001 |
| NEUT (%) | — | 79.5 (70.0, 85.0) | 76.9 (68.0, 85.0) | 85.0 (77.4, 90.0) | 0.23 | <0.001 |
| PLT (×103/μL) | — | 194.0 (150.0, 255.0) | 196.0 (152.0, 254.0) | 186.0 (138.5, 259.0) | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| HB (g/dL) | — | 12.4 (10.9, 13.7) | 12.5 (11.1, 13.8) | 11.9 (10.1, 13.3) | 0.12 | <0.001 |
| MCV (μm3) | — | 84.6 (80.5, 88.3) | 84.3 (80.4, 88.0) | 85.7 (80.7, 89.7) | — | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | — | 19.0 (13.0, 31.0) | 17.0 (12.0, 26.0) | 29.0 (18.3, 48.8) | 0.29 | <0.001 |
| CR (mg/dL) | — | 1.1 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.1, 2.2) | 0.19 | <0.001 |
| NA (mEq/L) | — | 138.0 (135.0, 141.0) | 138.0 (135.0, 140.0) | 138.0 (135.0, 141.0) | 0.04 | 0.031 |
| K (mEq/L) | — | 4.1 (3.8, 4.4) | 4.1 (3.8, 4.4) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.7) | 0.13 | <0.001 |
| CA (mg/dL) | — | 8.6 (8.1, 9.3) | 8.7 (8.2, 9.3) | 8.5 (8.0, 9.1) | 0.09 | <0.001 |
| MG (mEq/L) | — | 1.9 (1.7, 2.2) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) | 2.0 (1.8, 2.2) | 0.08 | <0.001 |
| P (mg/dL) | — | 3.5 (2.9, 4.1) | 3.4 (2.9, 4.0) | 3.8 (3.1, 4.7) | 0.22 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | — | 36.0 (24.0, 55.0) | 34.0 (23.4, 50.0) | 44.9 (29.0, 72.0) | 0.09 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | — | 28.0 (18.0, 46.0) | 27.1 (18.0, 45.0) | 30.0 (18.0, 50.4) | 0.07 | 0.021 |
| ALKP (U/L) | — | 185.0 (138.0, 257.0) | 181.0 (136.0, 248.0) | 205.0 (148.0, 287.0) | 0.12 | <0.001 |
| BILLT (mg/dL) | — | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.11 | <0.001 |
| BILLD (mg/dL) | — | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.13 | <0.001 |
| Amylase (U/L) | — | 53.0 (38.8, 76.8) | 54.0 (40.0, 75.8) | 49.9 (34.0, 80.0) | 0.0 | 0.164 |
| LIPASE (U/L) | — | 26.0 (19.0, 38.0) | 26.0 (19.0, 38.0) | 25.0 (17.6, 38.0) | 0.01 | 0.559 |
| TG (mg/dL) | — | 120.0 (90.0, 168.0) | 119.0 (90.0, 168.0) | 123.0 (87.8, 173.0) | 0.01 | 0.957 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | — | 130.0 (106.0, 158.0) | 133.5 (110.0, 161.0) | 119.5 (96.8, 148.0) | 0.14 | <0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | — | 31.0 (28.0, 40.0) | 32.0 (28.0, 40.0) | 30.1 (26.0, 38.0) | 0.04 | 0.053 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | — | 73.0 (54.0, 95.0) | 75.0 (58.0, 98.0) | 65.0 (48.0, 84.0) | 0.14 | <0.001 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | — | 135.0 (104.0, 194.0) | 131.0 (103.0, 188.0) | 146.0 (109.8, 207.3) | 0.06 | 0.001 |
| HBA1C (% of total Hb) | — | 7.5 (6.4, 9.9) | 7.5 (6.4, 10.0) | 7.6 (6.4, 9.5) | 0.03 | 0.527 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | — | 3.8 (3.4, 4.2) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.3) | 3.5 (3.1, 3.9) | 0.28 | <0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | — | 576.0 (439.0, 800.0) | 547.5 (421.8, 745.0) | 711.0 (520.5, 1072.0) | 0.24 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | — | 29.7 (10.5, 69.1) | 26.8 (10.0, 64.0) | 43.4 (15.0, 86.0) | — | <0.001 |
| ESR (mm/h) | — | 34.0 (18.0, 56.0) | 32.0 (18.0, 56.0) | 36.0 (20.0, 59.0) | 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Lactate | — | 20.0 (15.0, 27.0) | 19.1 (15.0, 25.9) | 22.0 (16.0, 33.0) | 0.20 | <0.001 |
| IL6 (pg/mL) | — | 25.6 (10.9, 70.2) | 18.5 (8.1, 44.8) | 46.6 (16.1, 146.0) | 0.33 | 0.004 |
| CPK (U/L) | — | 117.0 (63.0, 257.0) | 108.0 (61.0, 232.0) | 150.0 (77.5, 356.5) | 0.08 | <0.001 |
| CKMB (U/L) | — | 21.0 (14.0, 33.0) | 20.0 (14.0, 30.0) | 25.0 (17.0, 45.0) | 0.12 | <0.001 |
| PROBNP (pg/mL) | — | 868.0 (173.8, 3792.8) | 469.0 (132.0, 2313.0) | 3200.0 (894.0, 9987.0) | 0.32 | <0.001 |
| Procalcitonin (pg/mL) | — | 0.4 (0.2, 1.3) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.6) | 0.08 | <0.001 |
| PTT (s) | — | 30.0 (25.6, 35.0) | 30.0 (25.3, 35.0) | 32.0 (26.7, 38.0) | 0.09 | <0.001 |
| PT (s) | — | 13.0 (11.9, 13.7) | 13.0 (11.7, 13.3) | 13.0 (12.4, 14.6) | 0.14 | <0.001 |
| INR | — | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 0.16 | <0.001 |
| pH | — | 7.4 (7.3, 7.4) | 7.4 (7.3, 7.4) | 7.4 (7.3, 7.4) | 0.08 | <0.001 |
| PCO2 (mm Hg) | — | 44.3 (38.7, 50.0) | 44.6 (39.3, 50.1) | 42.7 (36.3, 49.8) | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| HCO3 (mEq/L) | — | 25.8 (22.7, 28.6) | 26.2 (23.5, 28.9) | 23.8 (20.2, 27.3) | 0.20 | <0.001 |
| BE (mmol/L) | — | 1.6 (-1.6, 4.4) | 2.0 (-0.7, 4.6) | -0.4 (-5.2, 3.0) | 0.21 | <0.001 |
| ANCA (AU/mL) | — | 1.5 (0.9, 8.8) | 1.6 (1.0, 12.4) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 0.27 | 0.480 |
| CANCA (AU/mL) | — | 2.4 (1.8, 4.0) | 2.1 (1.4, 3.0) | 3.6 (2.7, 6.3) | 0.19 | 0.015 |
| PANCA (AU/mL) | — | 2.9 (1.7, 4.5) | 2.9 (1.7, 4.4) | 2.8 (1.7, 4.8) | 0.09 | 0.883 |
| FDP (mug/mL) | — | 6.5 (4.0, 12.0) | 5.9 (4.0, 9.4) | 12.0 (6.2, 18.0) | 0.30 | <0.001 |
| Fe (μg/dL) | — | 43.0 (25.0, 80.0) | 44.0 (25.0, 79.8) | 38.5 (24.0, 82.5) | 0.00 | 0.509 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | — | 361.0 (194.0, 639.9) | 340.3 (182.6, 598.6) | 456.3 (257.0, 762.0) | — | <0.001 |
| TIBC (μg/dL) | — | 260.0 (193.3, 328.3) | 269.0 (202.0, 330.0) | 236.0 (167.0, 309.5) | 0.10 | 0.002 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | — | 5.8 (5.2, 6.5) | 6.1 (5.4, 6.7) | 5.6 (5.0, 6.2) | 0.18 | 0.007 |
| TSH (μIU/mL) | — | 1.0 (0.4, 2.0) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.9) | 0.01 | 0.282 |
| T4 (μg/dL) | — | 8.1 (6.4, 9.6) | 8.4 (6.8, 9.8) | 7.1 (5.3, 8.5) | 0.24 | <0.001 |
| T3(ng/dL) | — | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.17 | <0.001 |
| VitD3 (ng/mL) | — | 25.1 (15.6, 39.0) | 24.5 (15.5, 38.4) | 27.6 (17.1, 42.2) | 0.04 | 0.027 |
| IgM (g/L) | — | 65.5 (38.5, 112.5) | 98.0 (37.8, 127.3) | 59.0 (36.5, 65.3) | 0.34 | 0.052 |
| IgG (g/L) | — | 1060.5 (835.0, 1394.5) | 1073.0 (877.8, 1422.0) | 976.5 (700.5, 1256.0) | 0.16 | 0.228 |
| UREA (mg/dL) | — | 37.4 (26.9, 56.0) | 34.4 (25.0, 48.0) | 57.3 (37.3, 88.8) | 0.33 | <0.001 |
The Cramer's V test was used to measure the association between categorical variables and status. The value of Cramer's V indicates how strongly two categorical variables are associated, giving a value between 0 and +1. For numeric variables, the Mann–Whitney test was used to compare median values between survivors and deceased cases. Eta was used to measure the association of numeric variables with status, giving a value between 0 and 1. In both Cramer's V and Eta, values close to 1 indicating a high degree of association. The missing values were ignored in calculation of percentages. The median (Q1, Q3) and frequency (%) were used for describing the numeric and categorical variables, respectively. The baseline values of WBC, lymph, NEUT, PLT, HB, MCV, BUN, CR, AST, ALT, LDH, CRP, and UREA were summarized.