Table 1.

Definitions and examples of terms/concepts within this manuscript^a

Term/Concept	Definition	Example
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)	One of the three branches of the science of behavior analysis. ABA, as a science, is a systematic approach to understanding behavior of social interest. As a practice, ABA is the application of behavior analytic principals to improve socially important behaviors	N/A
Aversive	An event that evokes a behavior that has terminated it in the past, punisher when presented following behavior, and/or as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior	When getting a ticket for speeding decreasing the likelihood of speeding in the future, we would say that speeding tickets are aversive
Behavior	Any activity of an organism does across space and time that can be counted	Walking, hitting, brushing teeth, thinking, talking, etc
Extinction	A schedule of reinforcement that involves discontinuing the reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior that results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior across time	When a teacher withholds attention following a child’s tantrums that previously produced the teacher’s attention
Punishment	Any context in which a response is followed by an event (i.e., stimulus change) that results in a decrease in the probability of similar responses in similar situations	When saying “No” following a student responding “four” to the question “What is 1 plus 1?” decreases the probability of responding “four” to the same question in the future
Reinforcement	Any context in which a response is followed by an event (i.e., stimulus change) that results in an increase in the probability of similar responses in similar situations	When providing access to a preferred TV show following completing homework increases the probability of homework completion in the future

^aWe refer the reader to Cooper et al. (2020) for expanded discussions of these terms/concepts as well as their uses as different parts of speech