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. 2022 May 17;12:8159. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12358-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neutrophil elastase activity is increased in periodontal tissue by ligature-induced periodontitis. (A, B) PBS or NE inhibitor (50 μg in 5 μL) was injected into the palatal gingiva of a ligature-induced murine model of periodontitis once a day for 7 (A) or 3 (B) days. (A) Frozen maxillae sections (10 μm) were stained with anti-NE antibody (green), anti-Ly6G antibody (red), and DAPI (nucleus; blue). Representative fluorescence images observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope are shown. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) NE activity in supernatants from the homogenized palatal gingiva was evaluated. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 5 per group). The group means were compared using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. AB alveolar bone, D dentine, DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Ly6G lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G, NE neutrophil elastase, PDL periodontal ligament, SD standard deviation.