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. 2022 May 17;12:8159. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12358-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neutrophil elastase induces disruption of periodontal epithelial barrier. (A–E) Monolayers of human gingival epithelial cells were exposed to 10–100 mU/mL NE for 3 h. (A) Transepithelial permeability was determined by measuring 70 kDa of FITC-dextran fluorescence intensity in the medium from the lower chamber compartments. (B–E) The transepithelial permeability of each bacterium was determined using the colony counting method. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 5 per group). The group means were compared using one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. NE neutrophil elastase.