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. 2022 May 17;12:8207. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11928-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Age-related changes in Social jetlag and Sleep duration on weekdays are associated with developmental changes in chronotype. (a) ΔSJL (SJL 5th year—SJL 1st year) highly correlates with ΔChronotype (MSFsc 5th year—MSFsc 1st year). Higher increases in SJL levels are associated with larger delays on chronotype from 1st to 5th year (i.e. slopes): morning-, afternoon- and evening-attending students experience an increase of 48 min (95% CI = 40–56 min), 33 min (95% CI = 26–40 min) and 26 min (95% CI = 16–35 min), respectively, in SJL for each hour that their chronotype is delayed. (b) ΔSDw (SDw 5th year—SDw 1st year) association with ΔChronotype depend on school timing. For morning-attending students, the slope indicates that a 1 h-delay in chronotype from 1st to 5th year leads to a 7 min decrease (95% CI = − 19–6 min) in SDw, but it does not significantly differ from zero. This tendency is inverted and significant for afternoon- and evening-attending students, who increment their sleep in 11 min (95% CI = 1–22 min) and 31 min (95% CI = 17–45 min), respectively, for each hour their chronotype is delayed. N = 259.