Table 2.

The association of anemia with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

	No. of events	Unadjusted model		Adjusted model*		Model-NPs #
		HR (95%CI)	P-value	HR (95%CI)	P-value	HR (95%CI)	P-value
All-cause mortality
Non-anemia	367/2,206 (16.6%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
Any anemia	500/2,038 (24.5%)	1.54 (1.35–1.77)	<0.001	1.20 (1.03–1.40)	0.020	1.02 (0.86–1.21)	0.843
Mild anemia	226/1,106 (20.4%)	1.25 (1.06–1.48)	0.008	0.99 (0.82–1.19)	0.874	0.84 (0.69–1.04)	0.104
M-to-S anemia	274/932 (29.4%)	1.91 (1.63–2.23)	<0.001	1.50 (1.25–1.80)	<0.001	1.26 (1.03–1.54)	0.028
Cardiovascular mortality
Non-anemia	277/2,206 (12.6%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
Any anemia	387/2,038 (19.0%)	1.58 (1.35–1.84)	<0.001	1.22 (1.02–1.45)	0.027	1.01 (0.84–1.23)	0.895
Mild anemia	177/1,106 (16.0%)	1.30 (1.08–1.57)	0.007	1.05 (0.85–1.29)	0.650	0.87 (0.71–1.13)	0.345
M-to-S anemia	210/932 (22.5%)	1.93 (1.61–2.31)	<0.001	1.44 (1.17–1.77)	0.001	1.20 (0.96–1.51)	0.117

M-to-S anemia, moderate-to-severe anemia; Non-anemia (hemoglobin ≥ 120 g/L in women or ≥ 130 g/L in men); mild anemia (110 ≤ hemoglobin <130 g/L in men or 110 ≤ hemoglobin <120 g/L in women); moderate-to-severe anemia (hemoglobin <110 g/L).

^*Adjusted variables: age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, current smoker, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, hyponatremia, in-hospital left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, and the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and statin at discharge, and hospital levels.

^#Adjusted variables in Model-NPs: all variables mentioned above and additional adjustment for log-transformed and standardized natriuretic peptides levels. HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.