TABLE 1.
Potential antifibrotic mechanisms of capsaicin.
| Agent | Pathway/Mediators/Mechanism | Tissue | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capsaicin + sulforaphane | ↑PPAR-γ, ↑Nrf2, ↑Catalase, ↓TGF-β1, ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-6, ↓Col-I | Liver Fibrosis | Mendivil et al. (2019) |
| Capsaicin | ↑PPAR-γ, ↓TGF-β, ↓SMAD-2,3, ↑SMAD7, ↓NF-κB, ↓TNF-α, ↓α-SMA, ↓Col-I | Liver Fibrosis | Choi et al. (2017) |
| Capsaicin | ↑TRPV-1,↓TGF-β, ↓SMAD-2,3,↓CTGF, ↓MMP-2,4,13, ↓Fibronectin,↑Col-I&III,↓AT-II-induced-fibroblast proliferation | Cardiac Fibrosis | Wang Q. et al. (2014) |
| Capsaicin | ↓Collagen Fibril Formation | Rat Tail Tendon | Perumal et al. (2015) |
| Capsaicin | ↓IL-6, ↓IL-12, ↓TNF-α, ↓Hes-1, ↓Notch-1, ↓M-1 Macrophage Polarization | Liver Fibrosis | Sheng et al. (2020) |
| Capsaicin | ↓Collagen,↓CS, ↓DS, ↓Elastin, ↓HA,↓KS, ↓UA | Lung Cancer | Cho et al. (2017) |
| Capsaicin | ↓ETS-1, ↓CTGF,↑miR-499 | OSF | Hou et al. (2015) |
| Zheng et al. (2015) | |||
| Wu et al. (2015) |
Abbreviations: CS-Chondroitin Sulphate, DS-Dermatan Sulphate, HA-Hyaluronic Acid, KS-Keratan Sulphate, OSF- oral submucous fibrosis, UA-Uronic Acid.