Table 2.

Linear regression analysis of SAS-SV, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and AIS-8 scores.

Dependent variable	Independent variable	Crude model 1			Crude model 2			Adjusted model 3			Adjusted model 4
		β	SE	P-value	β	SE	P-value	β	SE	P-value	β	SE	P-value
PHQ-9	SAS-SV	0.187	0.013	<0.001	0.196	0.016	<0.001	0.158	0.013	<0.001	0.195	0.017	<0.001
	online learning group	–	–	–	0.175	0.065	0.029	–	–	–	0.168	0.071	0.032
	SAS-SV × education mode	–	–	–	−0.037	0.016	0.002	–	–	–	−0.039	0.016	0.003
GAD-7	SAS-SV	0.179	0.012	<0.001	0.206	0.015	<0.001	0.162	0.012	<0.001	0.203	0.015	<0.001
	online learning group	–	–	–	0.244	0.015	0.016	–	–	–	0.291	0.155	0.026
	SAS-SV × education mode	–	–	–	−0.045	0.015	0.002	–	–	–	−0.045	0.015	0.002
AIS-8	SAS-SV	0.172	0.014	<0.001	0.181	0.017	<0.001	0.163	0.014	<0.001	0.184	0.017	<0.001
	online learning group	–	–	–	0.136	0.071	0.057	–	–	–	0.152	0.075	0.038
	SAS-SV × education mode	–	–	–	−0.013	0.017	0.426	–	–	–	−0.016	0.017	0.344

SAS-SV, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD-7, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; AIS-8, 8-item Athens Insomnia Scale; SE, standard error.

Crude Model 1: SAS-SV.

Crude Model 2: Model 1+ online learning group + SAS-SV × education mode.

Adjusted Model 3: Model 1+ age, sex, grade, education level, residence, satisfaction, and exercise habits.

Adjusted Model 4: Model 3+ online learning group + SAS-SV × education mode.