Table 3.
Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets (% dry matter).
| Item | Diets1 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C0 | C25 | C50 | C75 | C100 | |
| Ingredients | |||||
| Fish meal2 | 40.00 | 30.00 | 20.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
| Chlorella meal3 | 0.00 | 11.85 | 23.70 | 35.60 | 47.45 |
| Blood meal4 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Gluten5 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Soybean meal6 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Soybean protein concentrate7 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 |
| Cassava starch8 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
| Fish oil9 | 3.50 | 3.35 | 3.19 | 3.04 | 2.88 |
| Soybean oil10 | 3.50 | 3.35 | 3.19 | 3.04 | 2.88 |
| Vitamin and mineral additives11 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Monocalcium phosphate12 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| Choline chloride13 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Microcrystalline cellulose14 | 7.40 | 5.85 | 4.32 | 2.72 | 1.19 |
| Proximate composition | |||||
| Moisture, % wet weight | 4.25 | 4.36 | 4.55 | 4.71 | 3.37 |
| Crude protein | 49.93 | 50.10 | 50.30 | 50.16 | 49.64 |
| Crude lipid | 12.66 | 12.72 | 12.96 | 11.44 | 11.32 |
| Crude ash | 9.61 | 8.66 | 7.47 | 6.46 | 5.61 |
| Crude fiber | 1.43 | 1.40 | 1.30 | 1.24 | 1.21 |
| Carbohydrate (crude fiber free) | 22.12 | 22.76 | 23.42 | 25.99 | 28.85 |
| Gross energy, kJ/g dry matter | 20.63 | 20.99 | 21.16 | 21.57 | 21.81 |
| Lutein, mg/kg dry matter | 0.00 | 8.03 | 11.39 | 15.87 | 22.28 |
C0, C25, C50, C75, and C100 represent diets in which Chlorella meal replaced fish meal levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively.
Fish meal: from Superprime, TASA Fish Product Co., Ltd., Peru.
Chlorella meal: from Demeter Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Blood meal: from Beijing Yangyuan Veterinary Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
Gluten: from Henan Midaner Trading Co., Ltd., Xinzheng, Henan, China.
Soybean meal: from Qingdao Bohai Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Soybean protein concentrate: from Yihai grain and oil industry Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China. Proximate composition (dry matter basis): 64% crude protein and 1.05% crude lipid.
Cassava starch: from Wuhan Yiteng Starch Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Fish oil: from Coland Feed Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Soybean oil: from Yihai Kerry Arawana Holdings Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Vitamin and mineral additives: from Guangdong Nutriera Group, Guangzhou, China. Vitamin additives, mg/kg diet: vitamin A 10; vitamin B1 6; vitamin B2 5; vitamin B6 7.5; vitamin B12 (1%) 4; niacinamide 50; ascorbyl calcium phosphate (35%) 500; calcium pantothenate 20; biotin (2%) 2.5; folic acid 5; vitamin E (50%) 200; vitamin K3 10; vitamin D3 5; inositol 100; corn protein powder 75. Mineral additives, mg/kg diet: CuSO4·5H2O 10; FeSO4·H2O 300; ZnSO4·H2O 200; MnSO4·H2O 100; KIO3 (10%) 80; Na2SeO3 (10% Se) 67; CoCl2·6H2O (10% Co) 5; NaCl 100; zeolite 638.
Monocalcium phosphate: from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China.
Choline chloride: from Guangdong Nutriera Group, Guangzhou, China.
Microcrystalline cellulose: from Shandong Liujia Pharmaceutical Excipients Co., Ltd., Jining, Shandong, China.