Table 5.
Primer sequences used for qRT-PCR analysis.
| Gene | Accession number | Forward primer (5′-3′) | Reverse primer (5′-3′) | Size, bp | PCR efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-actin | XM_038695351.1 | AAAGGGAAATCGTGCGTGAC | AAGGAAGGCTGGAAGAGGG | 184 | 1.99 |
| igf-1 | XM_038738328.1 | CTTCAAGAGTGCGATGTGC | GCCATAGCCTGTTGGTTTACTG | 187 | 2.01 |
| ira | XM_038717604.1 | CCCTTGTATCCCTCTCGTTT | CCAATTTCCTGTTCCTCTCC | 64 | 2.02 |
| irs1 | XM_038730647.1 | TAGTGGTGGTGTCAGCGGT | GGAGGTGGAAGTAAAGGAT | 301 | 2.04 |
| gck | XM_038703173.1 | CAGCGTGAGATGGACAGAGG | GGGGGTGGAGCAGACATAAG | 87 | 1.99 |
| pk | XM_038700626.1 | CTCTTTCATCCGCAAAGC | AATTCCCAGGTCACCACG | 172 | 2.01 |
| g6pc | XM_038735542.1 | AGAAAGCACAGAAGTGGTG | CTTGGTCTCGGTGTAGAGG | 137 | 2.05 |
| pepck | XM_038692953.1 | GGAAACGGCCAACATTCT | GCCAACCAGCAGTTCTCAT | 81 | 2.03 |
| bcl2 | XM_038695757.1 | CATCCTCCTTGGCTCTGG | GGGTCTGTTTGCCTTTGG | 141 | 2.01 |
| casp8 | XM_038718636.1 | GAGACAGACAGCAGACAACCA | TTCCATTTCAGCAAACACATC | 195 | 1.96 |
| casp9 | XM_038723308.1 | CTGGAATGCCTTCAGGAGACGGG | GGGAGGGGCAAGACAACAGGGTG | 125 | 1.99 |
| casp3 | XM_038713063.1 | GCTTCATTCGTCTGTGTTC | CGAAAAAGTGATGTGAGGTA | 98 | 2.00 |
| tor | XM_038723321.1 | TCAGGACCTCTTCTCATTGGC | CCTCTCCCACCATGTTTCTCT | 208 | 2.01 |
| s6 | XM_038713349.1 | GCCAATCTCAGCGTTCTCAAC | CTGCCTAACATCATCCTCCTT | 156 | 1.97 |
| eif2α | XM_038727791.1 | TAAGTCCAGCCCATCCAAAA | CACCCGAGGAGGCCATCAAG | 233 | 2.01 |
| atf4 | XM_038712791.1 | GGAGACCAGGAAGATGCGTAG | TGTCCAGCAGCAGTGATGACA | 209 | 1.95 |
β-actin = actin, beta 2; igf-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1; ira = insulin receptor a; irs1 = insulin receptor substrate 1; gck = glucokinase (hexokinase 4); pk = pyruvate kinase; g6pc = glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit; pepck = phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; bcl2 = β-cell lymphoma-2; casp8 = caspase-8-like; casp9 = caspase-9-like; casp3 = caspase-3a; tor = target of rapamycin; s6 = ribosomal protein s6; eif2α = elongation initiation factor 2α; atf4 = activating transcription factor 4.