Appendix Table 6.
Details of the studies included in the review
| Author, year of publication | Aim of study | Type of included study | Databases searched | last date of literature search | Type of intervention | Outcomes measured |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anne Suhr Thykjær et al., 2016 | To perform a systematic literature review, to examine the association between PA, and the development and progression of myopia | 6 cross-sectional, 2 cohorts and 1 case-control study | PubMed/Medline and Embase, manual reference, and author search | 2015 | Physical activity- indoor, outdoor (time spent outdoor) | Physical activity - Accelerometer (CPM), Cycle ergometer test, refractive error (D), questionnaire |
| Hsiu-MeiHuang et al., 2015 | To quantify the effect of near work activities on myopia in children | 15 Cross sectional, 6 cohort, 6 longitudinal | MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the citation lists were reviewed | 2014 | Nearwork was defined as the sum of activities with short working distance such as reading, studying, writing, doing homework, watching TV, or playing video games, etc. | Near work activities, myopia incidence or progression |
| Justin C. Sherwin et al., 2012 | To summarize relevant evidence investigating the association between times spent outdoors and myopia in children and adolescents (up to 20 years). | 7 cross-sectional studies for meta-analysis. A further 16 studies (8 cross-sectional not meeting criteria for meta-analysis; 7 prospective cohort studies; 1 RCT) | Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL] and reference lists | 2011 | Time spent outdoors, confounding factors and latitude of the study location | Time spent outdoors, definition of myopia, confounding factors were adjusted for and latitude of the study location |
| Shuyu Xiong, et al., 2017 | To evaluate the evidence for association between time outdoors and (1) risk of onset of myopia (incident/prevalent myopia); (2) risk of a myopic shift in refractive error and (3) risk of progression in myopes only. | 4 Clinical trials, 18 cohort studies and 30 cross-sectional studies | PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library | 2015 | Outdoor time spent | (1) Risk of incident/prevalent myopia from pooled estimates and dose-response analysis; (2) Risk of a myopic shift in refractive error (both myopes and nonmyopes) from pooled estimates; and (3) Risk of progression of myopia (in myopic eyes) from dose- response analysis |