Skip to main content
. 2022 May 16;20:165–186. doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.04.008

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Generation of posterior placodal cells from preplacodal ectoderm using a 3D floating culture system. (A) Schematic figure of the differentiation of posterior placodes from hPSC-derived preplacodal cells. (B) Specification of anterior and posterior placodal cells from preplacodal cells. Representative pre-, anterior, and posterior placodal marker genes are shown. (C) Representative bright field images of floating spheres on Day 10. Scale bars, upper 100 μm, lower 50 μm. (D–F) qPCR analysis of posterior placode markers (PAX8, PAX2, GATA3, GBX2) (D), anterior placode markers (OTX2, PAX6) (E), and preplacode markers (EYA1, SIX1, DLX5, TFAP2A) (F) on Day 10 of culture. The relative gene expression levels were normalized against those of undifferentiated hESCs. The bars and error bars represent the mean ± SEM (three independent experiments). Asterisks indicate significant differences (∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test).