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. 2022 May 16;20:165–186. doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.04.008

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Effect of RA on otic placode marker expression. (A) Schematic figure of differentiation of the posterior placode from hPSC-derived preplacodal cells. Three different culture conditions (20 nM RA, 200 nM RA, and 2,000 nM RA) were compared to investigate the effect of RA on posterior placode marker expression. (B–D) qPCR analysis of preplacode markers (EYA1, SIX1, and DLX5) (B), anterior placode markers (OTX2 and PAX6) (C), and posterior placode markers (PAX8, PAX2, GATA3, and GBX2) (D) on Day 10 of culture. The relative gene expression levels were normalized against those of undifferentiated hESCs. The bars and error bars represent the mean ± SEM (three independent experiments).