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. 2022 May 4;13:869073. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.869073

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Copyright © 2022 Ferreira, Souza, de Moraes, Perez, Sassi, Viana, Feldberg, Ezaz, Liehr, Bertollo and Cioffi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic relationships of Pyrrhulina species analyzed and their distribution. (A)—Species tree recovered with SNAPP, with branch lengths measured in units of expected number of mutations per site, based on dataset I: P. australis (1), P. brevis (2), P. obermulleri (3); P. marilynae (4); and P. semifasciata (5). (B)—South America map indicating the origin of Pyrrhulina species analyzed. Colored areas indicate the distribution of the species: P. australis (blue), P. brevis (green), P. obermulleri (yellow); P. marilynae (purple); and P. semifasciata (pink). The numbered circles indicate the collection sites of each species. The red ellipse indicates syntopic species (sampled in the same area). (C)—Idiograms with partial karyotypes of each species and the sex chromosomes exclusively found in P. semifasciata are boxed.