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Possible mechanisms that ANA may play in pregnancy loss. Firstly, ANA might have a direct adverse effect on the quality and development of oocytes and embryos, resulting in reduced pregnancy and implantation rates. Secondly, the precipitation of immune complex tissues at the maternal–fetal interface may be one of the possible mechanisms. Thirdly, the immune complex tissues may also induce local complement activation with inflammatory infiltration, leading to miscarriage.
