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. 2022 May 4;10:899760. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.899760

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Copyright © 2022 Tian, Wu, Wu, Cui, Ren, Wang, Wang and Peng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Incorporation of PMMA cement into a HACC-based hydrogel to form a new composite system with dual function for the treatment of infected bone defects (Wang et al., 2018b). (A) Synthesis of PMMA-based cement. (B) Morphological external phase of HACC-GP and HACC-GP/Nano-HA hydrogel at room temperature and body temperature. (C) Bacteriostatic results based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (D) Surface morphologies (a) and μ-CT observations (b, c) of PMMA-based cements. (E,F) Agar plate diffusion and colony count results of PMMA-based cements against E. coli and S. aureus. CFU, colony forming unit; CS, chitosan; E. coli, Escherichia coli; GP, glycerophosphate; HA, hydroxyapatite; HACC, N-(2-hydroxyl)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride; LA, lactic acid; μ-CT, micro-computed tomography; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.